diff --git a/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/SignSettings.tsx b/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/SignSettings.tsx
index 910c2727e..7be7e62d4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/SignSettings.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/SignSettings.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Stack, Button, Text, Alert, SegmentedControl, Divider, ActionIcon, Tooltip, Group, Box } from '@mantine/core';
 import { SignParameters } from "@app/hooks/tools/sign/useSignParameters";
 import { SuggestedToolsSection } from "@app/components/tools/shared/SuggestedToolsSection";
 import { useSignature } from "@app/contexts/SignatureContext";
 import { useViewer } from "@app/contexts/ViewerContext";
+import { PLACEMENT_ACTIVATION_DELAY, FILE_SWITCH_ACTIVATION_DELAY } from './signConstants';
 
 // Import the new reusable components
 import { DrawingCanvas } from "@app/components/annotation/shared/DrawingCanvas";
@@ -174,12 +175,12 @@ const SignSettings = ({
       case 'image':
         return imageSignatureData ?? null;
       case 'text':
-        return [
-          (parameters.signerName ?? '').trim(),
-          parameters.fontSize ?? 16,
-          parameters.fontFamily ?? 'Helvetica',
-          parameters.textColor ?? '#000000',
-        ].join('|');
+        return JSON.stringify({
+          signerName: (parameters.signerName ?? '').trim(),
+          fontSize: parameters.fontSize ?? 16,
+          fontFamily: parameters.fontFamily ?? 'Helvetica',
+          textColor: parameters.textColor ?? '#000000',
+        });
       default:
         return null;
     }
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ const SignSettings = ({
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
       const timer = window.setTimeout(() => {
         onActivateSignaturePlacement?.();
-      }, 60);
+      }, PLACEMENT_ACTIVATION_DELAY);
       return () => window.clearTimeout(timer);
     }
 
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ const SignSettings = ({
     };
 
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-      const timer = window.setTimeout(trigger, 60);
+      const timer = window.setTimeout(trigger, PLACEMENT_ACTIVATION_DELAY);
       return () => window.clearTimeout(timer);
     }
 
@@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ const SignSettings = ({
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
       const timer = window.setTimeout(() => {
         onActivateSignaturePlacement?.();
-      }, 80);
+      }, FILE_SWITCH_ACTIVATION_DELAY);
       return () => window.clearTimeout(timer);
     }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/signConstants.ts b/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/signConstants.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ade726a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/core/components/tools/sign/signConstants.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Timeout delays (ms) to allow PDF viewer to complete rendering before activating placement mode
+export const PLACEMENT_ACTIVATION_DELAY = 60;  // Standard delay for signature changes
+export const FILE_SWITCH_ACTIVATION_DELAY = 80; // Slightly longer delay when switching files
+
+// Signature preview sizing
+export const MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH_RATIO = 0.35;   // Max preview width as percentage of container
+export const MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT_RATIO = 0.35;  // Max preview height as percentage of container
+export const MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH_REM = 15;       // Absolute max width in rem
+export const MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT_REM = 10;      // Absolute max height in rem
+export const MIN_SIGNATURE_DIMENSION_REM = 0.75; // Min dimension for visibility
+export const OVERLAY_EDGE_PADDING_REM = 0.25;  // Padding from container edges
+
+// Text signature padding (relative to font size)
+export const HORIZONTAL_PADDING_RATIO = 0.8;
+export const VERTICAL_PADDING_RATIO = 0.6;
diff --git a/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignatureAPIBridge.tsx b/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignatureAPIBridge.tsx
index 0077c3b18..c914c50a2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignatureAPIBridge.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignatureAPIBridge.tsx
@@ -6,28 +6,42 @@ import type { SignatureAPI } from '@app/components/viewer/viewerTypes';
 import type { SignParameters } from '@app/hooks/tools/sign/useSignParameters';
 import { useViewer } from '@app/contexts/ViewerContext';
 
+// Minimum allowed width/height (in pixels) for a signature image or text stamp.
+// This prevents rendering issues and ensures signatures are always visible and usable.
 const MIN_SIGNATURE_DIMENSION = 12;
 
+// Use 2x oversampling to improve text rendering quality (anti-aliasing) when generating signature images.
+// This provides a good balance between visual fidelity and performance/memory usage.
 const TEXT_OVERSAMPLE_FACTOR = 2;
 
-const extractDataUrl = (value: unknown, depth = 0): string | undefined => {
+const extractDataUrl = (value: unknown, depth = 0, visited: Set<unknown> = new Set()): string | undefined => {
   if (!value || depth > 6) return undefined;
+
+  // Prevent circular references
+  if (typeof value === 'object' && visited.has(value)) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
   if (typeof value === 'string') {
     return value.startsWith('data:image') ? value : undefined;
   }
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    for (const entry of value) {
-      const result = extractDataUrl(entry, depth + 1);
-      if (result) return result;
-    }
-    return undefined;
-  }
+
   if (typeof value === 'object') {
-    for (const key of Object.keys(value as Record<string, unknown>)) {
-      const result = extractDataUrl((value as Record<string, unknown>)[key], depth + 1);
-      if (result) return result;
+    visited.add(value);
+
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      for (const entry of value) {
+        const result = extractDataUrl(entry, depth + 1, visited);
+        if (result) return result;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (const key of Object.keys(value as Record<string, unknown>)) {
+        const result = extractDataUrl((value as Record<string, unknown>)[key], depth + 1, visited);
+        if (result) return result;
+      }
     }
   }
+
   return undefined;
 };
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignaturePlacementOverlay.tsx b/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignaturePlacementOverlay.tsx
index fd87ea51a..c483311fa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignaturePlacementOverlay.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/core/components/viewer/SignaturePlacementOverlay.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,17 @@ import { Box } from '@mantine/core';
 import type { SignParameters } from '@app/hooks/tools/sign/useSignParameters';
 import { buildSignaturePreview, SignaturePreview } from '@app/utils/signaturePreview';
 import { useSignature } from '@app/contexts/SignatureContext';
+import {
+  MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH_RATIO,
+  MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT_RATIO,
+  MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH_REM,
+  MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT_REM,
+  MIN_SIGNATURE_DIMENSION_REM,
+  OVERLAY_EDGE_PADDING_REM,
+} from '@app/components/tools/sign/signConstants';
+
+// Convert rem to pixels using browser's base font size (typically 16px)
+const remToPx = (rem: number) => rem * parseFloat(getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).fontSize);
 
 interface SignaturePlacementOverlayProps {
   containerRef: React.RefObject<HTMLElement | null>;
@@ -78,8 +89,8 @@ export const SignaturePlacementOverlay: React.FC<SignaturePlacementOverlayProps>
     const containerWidth = container.clientWidth || 1;
     const containerHeight = container.clientHeight || 1;
 
-    const maxWidth = Math.min(containerWidth * 0.35, 240);
-    const maxHeight = Math.min(containerHeight * 0.35, 160);
+    const maxWidth = Math.min(containerWidth * MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH_RATIO, remToPx(MAX_PREVIEW_WIDTH_REM));
+    const maxHeight = Math.min(containerHeight * MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT_RATIO, remToPx(MAX_PREVIEW_HEIGHT_REM));
 
     const scale = Math.min(
       1,
@@ -88,8 +99,8 @@ export const SignaturePlacementOverlay: React.FC<SignaturePlacementOverlayProps>
     );
 
     return {
-      width: Math.max(12, preview.width * scale),
-      height: Math.max(12, preview.height * scale),
+      width: Math.max(remToPx(MIN_SIGNATURE_DIMENSION_REM), preview.width * scale),
+      height: Math.max(remToPx(MIN_SIGNATURE_DIMENSION_REM), preview.height * scale),
     };
   }, [preview, containerRef]);
 
@@ -118,9 +129,10 @@ export const SignaturePlacementOverlay: React.FC<SignaturePlacementOverlayProps>
 
     const width = scaledSize.width;
     const height = scaledSize.height;
+    const edgePadding = remToPx(OVERLAY_EDGE_PADDING_REM);
 
-    const clampedLeft = Math.max(4, Math.min(cursor.x - width / 2, containerWidth - width - 4));
-    const clampedTop = Math.max(4, Math.min(cursor.y - height / 2, containerHeight - height - 4));
+    const clampedLeft = Math.max(edgePadding, Math.min(cursor.x - width / 2, containerWidth - width - edgePadding));
+    const clampedTop = Math.max(edgePadding, Math.min(cursor.y - height / 2, containerHeight - height - edgePadding));
 
     return {
       left: clampedLeft,
diff --git a/frontend/src/core/utils/signaturePreview.ts b/frontend/src/core/utils/signaturePreview.ts
index 15666e31b..c5be5bc2d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/core/utils/signaturePreview.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/core/utils/signaturePreview.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { SignParameters } from '@app/hooks/tools/sign/useSignParameters';
+import { HORIZONTAL_PADDING_RATIO, VERTICAL_PADDING_RATIO } from '@app/components/tools/sign/signConstants';
 
 export interface SignaturePreview {
   dataUrl: string;
@@ -33,8 +34,8 @@ export const buildSignaturePreview = async (config: SignParameters | null): Prom
     const fontFamily = config.fontFamily ?? 'Helvetica';
     const textColor = config.textColor ?? '#000000';
 
-    const paddingX = Math.round(fontSize * 0.8);
-    const paddingY = Math.round(fontSize * 0.6);
+    const paddingX = Math.round(fontSize * HORIZONTAL_PADDING_RATIO);
+    const paddingY = Math.round(fontSize * VERTICAL_PADDING_RATIO);
 
     const measureCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
     const measureCtx = measureCanvas.getContext('2d');