Feature/v2/remove pages (#4445)

# Description of Changes

- Addition of the remove pages tool
- Addition of the remove blank pages tool

---

## Checklist

### General

- [ ] I have read the [Contribution
Guidelines](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
- [ ] I have read the [Stirling-PDF Developer
Guide](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/devGuide/DeveloperGuide.md)
(if applicable)
- [ ] I have read the [How to add new languages to
Stirling-PDF](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/devGuide/HowToAddNewLanguage.md)
(if applicable)
- [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code
- [ ] My changes generate no new warnings

### Documentation

- [ ] I have updated relevant docs on [Stirling-PDF's doc
repo](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-Tools.github.io/blob/main/docs/)
(if functionality has heavily changed)
- [ ] I have read the section [Add New Translation
Tags](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/devGuide/HowToAddNewLanguage.md#add-new-translation-tags)
(for new translation tags only)

### UI Changes (if applicable)

- [ ] Screenshots or videos demonstrating the UI changes are attached
(e.g., as comments or direct attachments in the PR)

### Testing (if applicable)

- [ ] I have tested my changes locally. Refer to the [Testing
Guide](https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/blob/main/devGuide/DeveloperGuide.md#6-testing)
for more details.

frontend/public/locales/en-GB/translation.json

@@ -1125,15 +1125,46 @@
   "removePages": {
     "tags": "Remove pages,delete pages",
     "title": "Remove Pages",
-    "pageNumbers": "Pages to Remove",
+    "pageNumbers": {
-    "pageNumbersPlaceholder": "e.g. 1,3,5-7",
+      "label": "Pages to Remove",
-    "pageNumbersHelp": "Enter page numbers separated by commas, or ranges like 1-5. Example: 1,3,5-7",
+      "placeholder": "e.g., 1,3,5-8,10",
+      "error": "Invalid page number format. Use numbers, ranges (1-5), or mathematical expressions (2n+1)"
+    },
     "filenamePrefix": "pages_removed",
     "files": {
       "placeholder": "Select a PDF file in the main view to get started"
     },
     "settings": {
-      "title": "Page Selection"
+      "title": "Settings"
+    },
+    "tooltip": {
+      "header": {
+        "title": "Remove Pages Settings"
+      },
+      "pageNumbers": {
+        "title": "Page Selection",
+        "text": "Specify which pages to remove from your PDF. You can select individual pages, ranges, or use mathematical expressions.",
+        "bullet1": "Individual pages: 1,3,5 (removes pages 1, 3, and 5)",
+        "bullet2": "Page ranges: 1-5,10-15 (removes pages 1-5 and 10-15)",
+        "bullet3": "Mathematical: 2n+1 (removes odd pages)",
+        "bullet4": "Open ranges: 5- (removes from page 5 to end)"
+      },
+      "examples": {
+        "title": "Common Examples",
+        "text": "Here are some common page selection patterns:",
+        "bullet1": "Remove first page: 1",
+        "bullet2": "Remove last 3 pages: -3",
+        "bullet3": "Remove every other page: 2n",
+        "bullet4": "Remove specific scattered pages: 1,5,10,15"
+      },
+      "safety": {
+        "title": "Safety Tips",
+        "text": "Important considerations when removing pages:",
+        "bullet1": "Always preview your selection before processing",
+        "bullet2": "Keep a backup of your original file",
+        "bullet3": "Page numbers start from 1, not 0",
+        "bullet4": "Invalid page numbers will be ignored"
+      }
     },
     "error": {
       "failed": "An error occurred whilst removing pages."
@@ -1492,11 +1523,46 @@
     "tags": "cleanup,streamline,non-content,organize",
     "title": "Remove Blanks",
     "header": "Remove Blank Pages",
-    "threshold": "Pixel Whiteness Threshold:",
+    "settings": {
-    "thresholdDesc": "Threshold for determining how white a white pixel must be to be classed as 'White'. 0 = Black, 255 pure white.",
+      "title": "Settings"
-    "whitePercent": "White Percent (%):",
+    },
-    "whitePercentDesc": "Percent of page that must be 'white' pixels to be removed",
+    "threshold": {
-    "submit": "Remove Blanks"
+      "label": "Pixel Whiteness Threshold"
+    },
+    "whitePercent": {
+      "label": "White Percentage Threshold",
+      "unit": "%"
+    },
+    "includeBlankPages": {
+      "label": "Include detected blank pages"
+    },
+    "tooltip": {
+      "header": {
+        "title": "Remove Blank Pages Settings"
+      },
+      "threshold": {
+        "title": "Pixel Whiteness Threshold",
+        "text": "Controls how white a pixel must be to be considered 'white'. This helps determine what counts as a blank area on the page.",
+        "bullet1": "0 = Pure black (most restrictive)",
+        "bullet2": "128 = Medium grey",
+        "bullet3": "255 = Pure white (least restrictive)"
+      },
+      "whitePercent": {
+        "title": "White Percentage Threshold",
+        "text": "Sets the minimum percentage of white pixels required for a page to be considered blank and removed.",
+        "bullet1": "Lower values (e.g., 80%) = More pages removed",
+        "bullet2": "Higher values (e.g., 95%) = Only very blank pages removed",
+        "bullet3": "Use higher values for documents with light backgrounds"
+      },
+      "includeBlankPages": {
+        "title": "Include Detected Blank Pages",
+        "text": "When enabled, creates a separate PDF containing all the blank pages that were detected and removed from the original document.",
+        "bullet1": "Useful for reviewing what was removed",
+        "bullet2": "Helps verify the detection accuracy",
+        "bullet3": "Can be disabled to reduce output file size"
+      }
+    },
+    "submit": "Remove blank pages"
   },
   "removeAnnotations": {
     "tags": "comments,highlight,notes,markup,remove",

frontend/public/locales/en-US/translation.json

@@ -745,15 +745,46 @@
   "removePages": {
     "tags": "Remove pages,delete pages",
     "title": "Remove Pages",
-    "pageNumbers": "Pages to Remove",
+    "pageNumbers": {
-    "pageNumbersPlaceholder": "e.g. 1,3,5-7",
+      "label": "Pages to Remove",
-    "pageNumbersHelp": "Enter page numbers separated by commas, or ranges like 1-5. Example: 1,3,5-7",
+      "placeholder": "e.g., 1,3,5-8,10",
+      "error": "Invalid page number format. Use numbers, ranges (1-5), or mathematical expressions (2n+1)"
+    },
     "filenamePrefix": "pages_removed",
     "files": {
       "placeholder": "Select a PDF file in the main view to get started"
     },
     "settings": {
-      "title": "Page Selection"
+      "title": "Settings"
+    },
+    "tooltip": {
+      "header": {
+        "title": "Remove Pages Settings"
+      },
+      "pageNumbers": {
+        "title": "Page Selection",
+        "text": "Specify which pages to remove from your PDF. You can select individual pages, ranges, or use mathematical expressions.",
+        "bullet1": "Individual pages: 1,3,5 (removes pages 1, 3, and 5)",
+        "bullet2": "Page ranges: 1-5,10-15 (removes pages 1-5 and 10-15)",
+        "bullet3": "Mathematical: 2n+1 (removes odd pages)",
+        "bullet4": "Open ranges: 5- (removes from page 5 to end)"
+      },
+      "examples": {
+        "title": "Common Examples",
+        "text": "Here are some common page selection patterns:",
+        "bullet1": "Remove first page: 1",
+        "bullet2": "Remove last 3 pages: -3",
+        "bullet3": "Remove every other page: 2n",
+        "bullet4": "Remove specific scattered pages: 1,5,10,15"
+      },
+      "safety": {
+        "title": "Safety Tips",
+        "text": "Important considerations when removing pages:",
+        "bullet1": "Always preview your selection before processing",
+        "bullet2": "Keep a backup of your original file",
+        "bullet3": "Page numbers start from 1, not 0",
+        "bullet4": "Invalid page numbers will be ignored"
+      }
     },
     "error": {
       "failed": "An error occurred while removing pages."
@@ -1013,11 +1044,46 @@
     "tags": "cleanup,streamline,non-content,organize",
     "title": "Remove Blanks",
     "header": "Remove Blank Pages",
-    "threshold": "Pixel Whiteness Threshold:",
+    "settings": {
-    "thresholdDesc": "Threshold for determining how white a white pixel must be to be classed as 'White'. 0 = Black, 255 pure white.",
+      "title": "Settings"
-    "whitePercent": "White Percent (%):",
+    },
-    "whitePercentDesc": "Percent of page that must be 'white' pixels to be removed",
+    "threshold": {
-    "submit": "Remove Blanks"
+      "label": "Pixel Whiteness Threshold"
+    },
+    "whitePercent": {
+      "label": "White Percentage Threshold",
+      "unit": "%"
+    },
+    "includeBlankPages": {
+      "label": "Include detected blank pages"
+    },
+    "tooltip": {
+      "header": {
+        "title": "Remove Blank Pages Settings"
+      },
+      "threshold": {
+        "title": "Pixel Whiteness Threshold",
+        "text": "Controls how white a pixel must be to be considered 'white'. This helps determine what counts as a blank area on the page.",
+        "bullet1": "0 = Pure black (most restrictive)",
+        "bullet2": "128 = Medium gray",
+        "bullet3": "255 = Pure white (least restrictive)"
+      },
+      "whitePercent": {
+        "title": "White Percentage Threshold",
+        "text": "Sets the minimum percentage of white pixels required for a page to be considered blank and removed.",
+        "bullet1": "Lower values (e.g., 80%) = More pages removed",
+        "bullet2": "Higher values (e.g., 95%) = Only very blank pages removed",
+        "bullet3": "Use higher values for documents with light backgrounds"
+      },
+      "includeBlankPages": {
+        "title": "Include Detected Blank Pages",
+        "text": "When enabled, creates a separate PDF containing all the blank pages that were detected and removed from the original document.",
+        "bullet1": "Useful for reviewing what was removed",
+        "bullet2": "Helps verify the detection accuracy",
+        "bullet3": "Can be disabled to reduce output file size"
+      }
+    },
+    "submit": "Remove blank pages"
   },
   "removeAnnotations": {
     "tags": "comments,highlight,notes,markup,remove",

frontend/src/components/tools/removeBlanks/RemoveBlanksSettings.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { Stack, Text, Checkbox, Slider, NumberInput, Group } from "@mantine/core";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import NumberInputWithUnit from "../shared/NumberInputWithUnit";
+import { RemoveBlanksParameters } from "../../../hooks/tools/removeBlanks/useRemoveBlanksParameters";
+
+interface RemoveBlanksSettingsProps {
+  parameters: RemoveBlanksParameters;
+  onParameterChange: <K extends keyof RemoveBlanksParameters>(key: K, value: RemoveBlanksParameters[K]) => void;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+const RemoveBlanksSettings = ({ parameters, onParameterChange, disabled = false }: RemoveBlanksSettingsProps) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  return (
+    <Stack gap="lg" mt="md">
+      <Stack gap="xs">
+        <NumberInputWithUnit
+          label={t('removeBlanks.threshold.label', 'Pixel Whiteness Threshold')}
+          value={parameters.threshold}
+          onChange={(v) => onParameterChange('threshold', typeof v === 'string' ? Number(v) : v)}
+          unit=''
+          min={0}
+          max={255}
+          disabled={disabled}
+        />
+      </Stack>
+
+      <Stack gap="xs">
+        <Text size="sm" fw={500}>
+          {t('removeBlanks.whitePercent.label', 'White Percent')}
+        </Text>
+        <Group align="center">
+          <NumberInput
+            value={parameters.whitePercent}
+            onChange={(v) => onParameterChange('whitePercent', typeof v === 'number' ? v : 0.1)}
+            min={0.1}
+            max={100}
+            step={0.1}
+            size="sm"
+            rightSection="%"
+            style={{ width: '80px' }}
+            disabled={disabled}
+          />
+          <Slider
+            value={parameters.whitePercent}
+            onChange={(value) => onParameterChange('whitePercent', value)}
+            min={0.1}
+            max={100}
+            step={0.1}
+            style={{ flex: 1 }}
+            disabled={disabled}
+          />
+        </Group>
+      </Stack>
+
+      <Stack gap="xs">
+        <Checkbox
+          checked={parameters.includeBlankPages}
+          onChange={(event) => onParameterChange('includeBlankPages', event.currentTarget.checked)}
+          disabled={disabled}
+          label={
+            <div>
+              <Text size="sm">{t('removeBlanks.includeBlankPages.label', 'Include detected blank pages')}</Text>
+            </div>
+          }
+        />
+      </Stack>
+    </Stack>
+  );
+};
+
+export default RemoveBlanksSettings;
+
+

frontend/src/components/tools/removePages/RemovePagesSettings.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { Stack, TextInput } from "@mantine/core";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { RemovePagesParameters } from "../../../hooks/tools/removePages/useRemovePagesParameters";
+import { validatePageNumbers } from "../../../utils/pageSelection";
+
+interface RemovePagesSettingsProps {
+  parameters: RemovePagesParameters;
+  onParameterChange: <K extends keyof RemovePagesParameters>(key: K, value: RemovePagesParameters[K]) => void;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+const RemovePagesSettings = ({ parameters, onParameterChange, disabled = false }: RemovePagesSettingsProps) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  const handlePageNumbersChange = (value: string) => {
+    // Allow user to type naturally - don't normalize input in real-time
+    onParameterChange('pageNumbers', value);
+  };
+
+  // Check if current input is valid
+  const isValid = validatePageNumbers(parameters.pageNumbers);
+  const hasValue = parameters.pageNumbers.trim().length > 0;
+
+  return (
+    <Stack gap="md">
+      <TextInput
+        label={t('removePages.pageNumbers.label', 'Pages to Remove')}
+        value={parameters.pageNumbers}
+        onChange={(event) => handlePageNumbersChange(event.currentTarget.value)}
+        placeholder={t('removePages.pageNumbers.placeholder', 'e.g., 1,3,5-8,10')}
+        disabled={disabled}
+        required
+        error={hasValue && !isValid ? t('removePages.pageNumbers.error', 'Invalid page number format. Use numbers, ranges (1-5), or mathematical expressions (2n+1)') : undefined}
+      />
+    </Stack>
+  );
+};
+
+export default RemovePagesSettings;

frontend/src/components/tooltips/useRemoveBlanksTips.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import { TooltipContent } from '../../types/tips';
+
+export const useRemoveBlanksTips = (): TooltipContent => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  return {
+    header: {
+      title: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.header.title", "Remove Blank Pages Settings"),
+    },
+    tips: [
+      {
+        title: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.threshold.title", "Pixel Whiteness Threshold"),
+        description: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.threshold.text", "Controls how white a pixel must be to be considered 'white'. This helps determine what counts as a blank area on the page."),
+        bullets: [
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.threshold.bullet1", "0 = Pure black (most restrictive)"),
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.threshold.bullet2", "128 = Medium gray"),
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.threshold.bullet3", "255 = Pure white (least restrictive)")
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        title: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.whitePercent.title", "White Percentage Threshold"),
+        description: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.whitePercent.text", "Sets the minimum percentage of white pixels required for a page to be considered blank and removed."),
+        bullets: [
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.whitePercent.bullet1", "Lower values (e.g., 80%) = More pages removed"),
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.whitePercent.bullet2", "Higher values (e.g., 95%) = Only very blank pages removed"),
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.whitePercent.bullet3", "Use higher values for documents with light backgrounds")
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        title: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.includeBlankPages.title", "Include Detected Blank Pages"),
+        description: t("removeBlanks.tooltip.includeBlankPages.text", "When enabled, creates a separate PDF containing all the blank pages that were detected and removed from the original document."),
+        bullets: [
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.includeBlankPages.bullet1", "Useful for reviewing what was removed"),
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.includeBlankPages.bullet2", "Helps verify the detection accuracy"),
+          t("removeBlanks.tooltip.includeBlankPages.bullet3", "Can be disabled to reduce output file size")
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  };
+};

frontend/src/components/tooltips/useRemovePagesTips.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import { TooltipContent } from '../../types/tips';
+
+export const useRemovePagesTips = (): TooltipContent => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  return {
+    header: {
+      title: t("removePages.tooltip.header.title", "Remove Pages Settings"),
+    },
+    tips: [
+      {
+        title: t("removePages.tooltip.pageNumbers.title", "Page Selection"),
+        description: t("removePages.tooltip.pageNumbers.text", "Specify which pages to remove from your PDF. You can select individual pages, ranges, or use mathematical expressions."),
+        bullets: [
+          t("removePages.tooltip.pageNumbers.bullet1", "Individual pages: 1,3,5 (removes pages 1, 3, and 5)"),
+          t("removePages.tooltip.pageNumbers.bullet2", "Page ranges: 1-5,10-15 (removes pages 1-5 and 10-15)"),
+          t("removePages.tooltip.pageNumbers.bullet3", "Mathematical: 2n+1 (removes odd pages)"),
+          t("removePages.tooltip.pageNumbers.bullet4", "Open ranges: 5- (removes from page 5 to end)")
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        title: t("removePages.tooltip.examples.title", "Common Examples"),
+        description: t("removePages.tooltip.examples.text", "Here are some common page selection patterns:"),
+        bullets: [
+          t("removePages.tooltip.examples.bullet1", "Remove first page: 1"),
+          t("removePages.tooltip.examples.bullet2", "Remove last 3 pages: -3"),
+          t("removePages.tooltip.examples.bullet3", "Remove every other page: 2n"),
+          t("removePages.tooltip.examples.bullet4", "Remove specific scattered pages: 1,5,10,15")
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  };
+};

frontend/src/data/useTranslatedToolRegistry.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import ConvertPanel from "../tools/Convert";
 import Sanitize from "../tools/Sanitize";
 import AddPassword from "../tools/AddPassword";
 import ChangePermissions from "../tools/ChangePermissions";
+import RemoveBlanks from "../tools/RemoveBlanks";
+import RemovePages from "../tools/RemovePages";
 import RemovePassword from "../tools/RemovePassword";
 import { SubcategoryId, ToolCategoryId, ToolRegistry } from "./toolsTaxonomy";
 import AddWatermark from "../tools/AddWatermark";
@@ -414,18 +416,22 @@ export function useFlatToolRegistry(): ToolRegistry {
       removePages: {
         icon: <LocalIcon icon="delete-outline-rounded" width="1.5rem" height="1.5rem" />,
         name: t("home.removePages.title", "Remove Pages"),
-        component: null,
+        component: RemovePages,
         description: t("home.removePages.desc", "Remove specific pages from a PDF document"),
         categoryId: ToolCategoryId.STANDARD_TOOLS,
         subcategoryId: SubcategoryId.REMOVAL,
+        maxFiles: 1,
+        endpoints: ["remove-pages"],
       },
       "remove-blank-pages": {
         icon: <LocalIcon icon="scan-delete-rounded" width="1.5rem" height="1.5rem" />,
         name: t("home.removeBlanks.title", "Remove Blank Pages"),
-        component: null,
+        component: RemoveBlanks,
         description: t("home.removeBlanks.desc", "Remove blank pages from PDF documents"),
         categoryId: ToolCategoryId.STANDARD_TOOLS,
         subcategoryId: SubcategoryId.REMOVAL,
+        maxFiles: 1,
+        endpoints: ["remove-blanks"],
       },
       "remove-annotations": {
         icon: <LocalIcon icon="thread-unread-rounded" width="1.5rem" height="1.5rem" />,

frontend/src/hooks/tools/removeBlanks/useRemoveBlanksOperation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import { ToolType, useToolOperation, ToolOperationConfig } from '../shared/useToolOperation';
+import { createStandardErrorHandler } from '../../../utils/toolErrorHandler';
+import { RemoveBlanksParameters, defaultParameters } from './useRemoveBlanksParameters';
+import { useToolResources } from '../shared/useToolResources';
+
+export const buildRemoveBlanksFormData = (parameters: RemoveBlanksParameters, file: File): FormData => {
+  const formData = new FormData();
+  formData.append('fileInput', file);
+  formData.append('threshold', String(parameters.threshold));
+  formData.append('whitePercent', String(parameters.whitePercent));
+  // Note: includeBlankPages is not sent to backend as it always returns both files in a ZIP
+  return formData;
+};
+
+export const removeBlanksOperationConfig = {
+  toolType: ToolType.singleFile,
+  buildFormData: buildRemoveBlanksFormData,
+  operationType: 'remove-blanks',
+  endpoint: '/api/v1/misc/remove-blanks',
+  defaultParameters,
+} as const satisfies ToolOperationConfig<RemoveBlanksParameters>;
+
+export const useRemoveBlanksOperation = () => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { extractZipFiles } = useToolResources();
+
+  const responseHandler = useCallback(async (blob: Blob): Promise<File[]> => {
+    // Backend always returns a ZIP file containing the processed PDFs
+    return await extractZipFiles(blob);
+  }, [extractZipFiles]);
+
+  return useToolOperation<RemoveBlanksParameters>({
+    ...removeBlanksOperationConfig,
+    responseHandler,
+    getErrorMessage: createStandardErrorHandler(
+      t('removeBlanks.error.failed', 'Failed to remove blank pages')
+    )
+  });
+};
+
+

frontend/src/hooks/tools/removeBlanks/useRemoveBlanksParameters.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { BaseParameters } from '../../../types/parameters';
+import { useBaseParameters, BaseParametersHook } from '../shared/useBaseParameters';
+
+export interface RemoveBlanksParameters extends BaseParameters {
+  threshold: number; // 0-255
+  whitePercent: number; // 0.1-100
+  includeBlankPages: boolean; // whether to include detected blank pages in output
+}
+
+export const defaultParameters: RemoveBlanksParameters = {
+  threshold: 10,
+  whitePercent: 99.9,
+  includeBlankPages: false,
+};
+
+export type RemoveBlanksParametersHook = BaseParametersHook<RemoveBlanksParameters>;
+
+export const useRemoveBlanksParameters = (): RemoveBlanksParametersHook => {
+  return useBaseParameters({
+    defaultParameters,
+    endpointName: 'remove-blanks',
+    validateFn: (p) => p.threshold >= 0 && p.threshold <= 255 && p.whitePercent > 0 && p.whitePercent <= 100,
+  });
+};
+
+

frontend/src/hooks/tools/removePages/useRemovePagesOperation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import { ToolType, useToolOperation, ToolOperationConfig } from '../shared/useToolOperation';
+import { createStandardErrorHandler } from '../../../utils/toolErrorHandler';
+import { RemovePagesParameters, defaultParameters } from './useRemovePagesParameters';
+// import { useToolResources } from '../shared/useToolResources';
+
+export const buildRemovePagesFormData = (parameters: RemovePagesParameters, file: File): FormData => {
+  const formData = new FormData();
+  formData.append('fileInput', file);
+  const cleaned = parameters.pageNumbers.replace(/\s+/g, '');
+  formData.append('pageNumbers', cleaned);
+  return formData;
+};
+
+export const removePagesOperationConfig = {
+  toolType: ToolType.singleFile,
+  buildFormData: buildRemovePagesFormData,
+  operationType: 'remove-pages',
+  endpoint: '/api/v1/general/remove-pages',
+  defaultParameters,
+} as const satisfies ToolOperationConfig<RemovePagesParameters>;
+
+export const useRemovePagesOperation = () => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  return useToolOperation<RemovePagesParameters>({
+    ...removePagesOperationConfig,
+    getErrorMessage: createStandardErrorHandler(
+      t('removePages.error.failed', 'Failed to remove pages')
+    )
+  });
+};

frontend/src/hooks/tools/removePages/useRemovePagesParameters.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { BaseParameters } from '../../../types/parameters';
+import { useBaseParameters, BaseParametersHook } from '../shared/useBaseParameters';
+import { validatePageNumbers } from '../../../utils/pageSelection';
+
+export interface RemovePagesParameters extends BaseParameters {
+  pageNumbers: string; // comma-separated page numbers or ranges (e.g., "1,3,5-8")
+}
+
+export const defaultParameters: RemovePagesParameters = {
+  pageNumbers: '',
+};
+
+export type RemovePagesParametersHook = BaseParametersHook<RemovePagesParameters>;
+
+export const useRemovePagesParameters = (): RemovePagesParametersHook => {
+  return useBaseParameters({
+    defaultParameters,
+    endpointName: 'remove-pages',
+    validateFn: (p) => validatePageNumbers(p.pageNumbers),
+  });
+};

frontend/src/tools/RemoveBlanks.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { createToolFlow } from "../components/tools/shared/createToolFlow";
+import { BaseToolProps, ToolComponent } from "../types/tool";
+import { useBaseTool } from "../hooks/tools/shared/useBaseTool";
+import { useRemoveBlanksParameters } from "../hooks/tools/removeBlanks/useRemoveBlanksParameters";
+import { useRemoveBlanksOperation } from "../hooks/tools/removeBlanks/useRemoveBlanksOperation";
+import RemoveBlanksSettings from "../components/tools/removeBlanks/RemoveBlanksSettings";
+import { useRemoveBlanksTips } from "../components/tooltips/useRemoveBlanksTips";
+
+const RemoveBlanks = (props: BaseToolProps) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const tooltipContent = useRemoveBlanksTips();
+
+  const base = useBaseTool(
+    'remove-blanks',
+    useRemoveBlanksParameters,
+    useRemoveBlanksOperation,
+    props
+  );
+
+  const settingsContent = (
+    <RemoveBlanksSettings
+      parameters={base.params.parameters}
+      onParameterChange={base.params.updateParameter}
+      disabled={base.endpointLoading}
+    />
+  );
+
+  const handleSettingsClick = () => {
+    if (base.hasResults) {
+      base.handleSettingsReset();
+    }
+  };
+
+  return createToolFlow({
+    files: {
+      selectedFiles: base.selectedFiles,
+      isCollapsed: base.hasResults,
+    },
+    steps: [
+      {
+        title: t("removeBlanks.settings.title", "Settings"),
+        isCollapsed: base.settingsCollapsed,
+        onCollapsedClick: handleSettingsClick,
+        content: settingsContent,
+        tooltip: tooltipContent,
+      },
+    ],
+    executeButton: {
+      text: t("removeBlanks.submit", "Remove blank pages"),
+      loadingText: t("loading"),
+      onClick: base.handleExecute,
+      isVisible: !base.hasResults,
+      disabled: !base.params.validateParameters() || !base.hasFiles || !base.endpointEnabled,
+    },
+    review: {
+      isVisible: base.hasResults,
+      operation: base.operation,
+      title: t("removeBlanks.results.title", "Removed Blank Pages"),
+      onFileClick: base.handleThumbnailClick,
+      onUndo: base.handleUndo,
+    },
+  });
+};
+
+RemoveBlanks.tool = () => useRemoveBlanksOperation;
+
+export default RemoveBlanks as ToolComponent;
+
+

frontend/src/tools/RemovePages.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { createToolFlow } from "../components/tools/shared/createToolFlow";
+import { BaseToolProps, ToolComponent } from "../types/tool";
+import { useBaseTool } from "../hooks/tools/shared/useBaseTool";
+import { useRemovePagesParameters } from "../hooks/tools/removePages/useRemovePagesParameters";
+import { useRemovePagesOperation } from "../hooks/tools/removePages/useRemovePagesOperation";
+import RemovePagesSettings from "../components/tools/removePages/RemovePagesSettings";
+import { useRemovePagesTips } from "../components/tooltips/useRemovePagesTips";
+
+const RemovePages = (props: BaseToolProps) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const tooltipContent = useRemovePagesTips();
+
+  const base = useBaseTool(
+    'remove-pages',
+    useRemovePagesParameters,
+    useRemovePagesOperation,
+    props
+  );
+
+
+  const settingsContent = (
+    <RemovePagesSettings
+      parameters={base.params.parameters}
+      onParameterChange={base.params.updateParameter}
+      disabled={base.endpointLoading}
+    />
+  );
+
+  return createToolFlow({
+    files: {
+      selectedFiles: base.selectedFiles,
+      isCollapsed: base.hasResults,
+    },
+    steps: [
+      {
+        title: t("removePages.settings.title", "Settings"),
+        isCollapsed: base.settingsCollapsed,
+        onCollapsedClick: base.settingsCollapsed ? base.handleSettingsReset : undefined,
+        content: settingsContent,
+        tooltip: tooltipContent,
+      },
+    ],
+    executeButton: {
+      text: t("removePages.submit", "Remove Pages"),
+      loadingText: t("loading"),
+      onClick: base.handleExecute,
+      isVisible: !base.hasResults,
+      disabled: !base.params.validateParameters() || !base.hasFiles || !base.endpointEnabled,
+    },
+    review: {
+      isVisible: base.hasResults,
+      operation: base.operation,
+      title: t("removePages.results.title", "Pages Removed"),
+      onFileClick: base.handleThumbnailClick,
+      onUndo: base.handleUndo,
+    },
+  });
+};
+
+RemovePages.tool = () => useRemovePagesOperation;
+
+export default RemovePages as ToolComponent;

frontend/src/utils/pageSelection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+export const validatePageNumbers = (pageNumbers: string): boolean => {
+  if (!pageNumbers.trim()) return false;
+
+  // Normalize input for validation: remove spaces around commas and other spaces
+  const normalized = pageNumbers.replace(/\s*,\s*/g, ',').replace(/\s+/g, '');
+  const parts = normalized.split(',');
+
+  // Regular expressions for different page number formats
+  const allToken = /^all$/i; // Select all pages
+  const singlePageRegex = /^[1-9]\d*$/; // Single page: positive integers only (no 0)
+  const rangeRegex = /^[1-9]\d*-(?:[1-9]\d*)?$/; // Range: 1-5 or open range 10-
+  const mathRegex = /^(?=.*n)[0-9n+\-*/() ]+$/; // Mathematical expressions with n and allowed chars
+
+  return parts.every(part => {
+    if (!part) return false;
+    return (
+      allToken.test(part) ||
+      singlePageRegex.test(part) ||
+      rangeRegex.test(part) ||
+      mathRegex.test(part)
+    );
+  });
+};