editor revamp, complete change

app/common/src/main/java/stirling/software/common/service/JobExecutorService.java

@@ -148,17 +148,31 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
             taskManager.createTask(jobId);
 
             // Create a specialized wrapper that updates the TaskManager
+            final String capturedJobIdForQueue = jobId;
             Supplier<Object> wrappedWork =
                     () -> {
                         try {
+                            // Set jobId in ThreadLocal context for the queued job
+                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setJobId(
+                                    capturedJobIdForQueue);
+                            log.debug(
+                                    "Set jobId {} in JobContext for queued job execution",
+                                    capturedJobIdForQueue);
+
                             Object result = work.get();
-                            processJobResult(jobId, result);
+                            processJobResult(capturedJobIdForQueue, result);
                             return result;
                         } catch (Exception e) {
                             log.error(
-                                    "Error executing queued job {}: {}", jobId, e.getMessage(), e);
+                                    "Error executing queued job {}: {}",
-                            taskManager.setError(jobId, e.getMessage());
+                                    capturedJobIdForQueue,
+                                    e.getMessage(),
+                                    e);
+                            taskManager.setError(capturedJobIdForQueue, e.getMessage());
                             throw e;
+                        } finally {
+                            // Clean up ThreadLocal to avoid memory leaks
+                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.clear();
                         }
                     };
 
@@ -170,21 +184,36 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
             return ResponseEntity.ok().body(new JobResponse<>(true, jobId, null));
         } else if (async) {
             taskManager.createTask(jobId);
+
+            // Capture the jobId for the async thread
+            final String capturedJobId = jobId;
+
             executor.execute(
                     () -> {
                         try {
                             log.debug(
-                                    "Running async job {} with timeout {} ms", jobId, timeoutToUse);
+                                    "Running async job {} with timeout {} ms",
+                                    capturedJobId,
+                                    timeoutToUse);
+
+                            // Set jobId in ThreadLocal context for the async thread
+                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setJobId(capturedJobId);
+                            log.debug(
+                                    "Set jobId {} in JobContext for async execution",
+                                    capturedJobId);
 
                             // Execute with timeout
                             Object result = executeWithTimeout(() -> work.get(), timeoutToUse);
-                            processJobResult(jobId, result);
+                            processJobResult(capturedJobId, result);
                         } catch (TimeoutException te) {
                             log.error("Job {} timed out after {} ms", jobId, timeoutToUse);
                             taskManager.setError(jobId, "Job timed out");
                         } catch (Exception e) {
                             log.error("Error executing job {}: {}", jobId, e.getMessage(), e);
                             taskManager.setError(jobId, e.getMessage());
+                        } finally {
+                            // Clean up ThreadLocal to avoid memory leaks
+                            stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.clear();
                         }
                     });
 
@@ -193,6 +222,10 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
             try {
                 log.debug("Running sync job with timeout {} ms", timeoutToUse);
 
+                // Make jobId available to downstream components on the worker thread
+                stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setJobId(jobId);
+                log.debug("Set jobId {} in JobContext for sync execution", jobId);
+
                 // Execute with timeout
                 Object result = executeWithTimeout(() -> work.get(), timeoutToUse);
 
@@ -212,6 +245,8 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
                 // Construct a JSON error response
                 return ResponseEntity.internalServerError()
                         .body(Map.of("error", "Job failed: " + e.getMessage()));
+            } finally {
+                stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.clear();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -456,8 +491,23 @@ public class JobExecutorService {
             throws TimeoutException, Exception {
         // Use the same executor as other async jobs for consistency
         // This ensures all operations run on the same thread pool
+        String currentJobId = stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.getJobId();
+
         java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture<T> future =
-                java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier, executor);
+                java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
+                        () -> {
+                            if (currentJobId != null) {
+                                stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.setJobId(currentJobId);
+                            }
+                            try {
+                                return supplier.get();
+                            } finally {
+                                if (currentJobId != null) {
+                                    stirling.software.common.util.JobContext.clear();
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        executor);
 
         try {
             return future.get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

app/common/src/main/java/stirling/software/common/util/JobContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package stirling.software.common.util;
+
+/** Thread-local context for passing job ID across async boundaries */
+public class JobContext {
+    private static final ThreadLocal<String> CURRENT_JOB_ID = new ThreadLocal<>();
+
+    public static void setJobId(String jobId) {
+        CURRENT_JOB_ID.set(jobId);
+    }
+
+    public static String getJobId() {
+        return CURRENT_JOB_ID.get();
+    }
+
+    public static void clear() {
+        CURRENT_JOB_ID.remove();
+    }
+}

app/common/src/main/java/stirling/software/common/util/ProcessExecutor.java

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ public class ProcessExecutor {
                                                 .getProcessExecutor()
                                                 .getSessionLimit()
                                                 .getOcrMyPdfSessionLimit();
+                                case CFF_CONVERTER -> 1;
                             };
 
                     long timeoutMinutes =
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@ public class ProcessExecutor {
                                                 .getProcessExecutor()
                                                 .getTimeoutMinutes()
                                                 .getOcrMyPdfTimeoutMinutes();
+                                case CFF_CONVERTER -> 5L;
                             };
                     return new ProcessExecutor(semaphoreLimit, liveUpdates, timeoutMinutes);
                 });
@@ -300,7 +302,8 @@ public class ProcessExecutor {
         TESSERACT,
         QPDF,
         GHOSTSCRIPT,
-        OCR_MY_PDF
+        OCR_MY_PDF,
+        CFF_CONVERTER
     }
 
     public class ProcessExecutorResult {

app/common/src/test/java/stirling/software/common/service/JobExecutorServiceTest.java

@@ -78,6 +78,23 @@ class JobExecutorServiceTest {
         verify(request).setAttribute(eq("jobId"), anyString());
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void shouldExposeJobIdInJobContextDuringSyncExecution() throws Exception {
+        // Given
+        Supplier<Object> work = stirling.software.common.util.JobContext::getJobId;
+
+        // When
+        ResponseEntity<?> response = jobExecutorService.runJobGeneric(false, work);
+
+        // Then
+        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode());
+        assertNotNull(response.getBody());
+
+        var requestJobIdCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(String.class);
+        verify(request).setAttribute(eq("jobId"), requestJobIdCaptor.capture());
+        assertEquals(requestJobIdCaptor.getValue(), response.getBody());
+    }
+
     @Test
     void shouldRunAsyncJobSuccessfully() throws Exception {
         // Given

app/core/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ logging.level.org.eclipse.jetty=WARN
 #logging.level.stirling.software.proprietary.security=DEBUG
 logging.level.com.zaxxer.hikari=WARN
 logging.level.stirling.software.SPDF.service.PdfJsonConversionService=TRACE
+logging.level.stirling.software.common.service.JobExecutorService=DEBUG
+logging.level.stirling.software.common.service.TaskManager=DEBUG
 spring.jpa.open-in-view=false
 server.forward-headers-strategy=NATIVE
 server.error.path=/error

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/controller/api/converters/ConvertPdfJsonController.java

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 package stirling.software.SPDF.controller.api.converters;
 
+import java.util.Optional;
+
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
 import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
 
 import io.github.pixee.security.Filenames;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
 
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 
 import stirling.software.SPDF.config.swagger.StandardPdfResponse;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonDocument;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonMetadata;
 import stirling.software.SPDF.service.PdfJsonConversionService;
 import stirling.software.common.annotations.AutoJobPostMapping;
 import stirling.software.common.annotations.api.ConvertApi;
@@ -19,6 +29,7 @@ import stirling.software.common.model.api.PDFFile;
 import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils;
 import stirling.software.common.util.WebResponseUtils;
 
+@Slf4j
 @ConvertApi
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class ConvertPdfJsonController {
@@ -71,4 +82,81 @@ public class ConvertPdfJsonController {
         String docName = baseName.endsWith(".pdf") ? baseName : baseName + ".pdf";
         return WebResponseUtils.bytesToWebResponse(pdfBytes, docName);
     }
+
+    @PostMapping(consumes = "multipart/form-data", value = "/pdf/json/metadata")
+    @Operation(
+            summary = "Extract PDF metadata for lazy loading",
+            description =
+                    "Extracts document metadata, fonts, and page dimensions. Caches the document for"
+                            + " subsequent page requests. Input:PDF Output:JSON Type:SISO")
+    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> extractPdfMetadata(
+            @ModelAttribute PDFFile request, @RequestParam(required = true) String jobId)
+            throws Exception {
+        MultipartFile inputFile = request.getFileInput();
+        if (inputFile == null) {
+            throw ExceptionUtils.createNullArgumentException("fileInput");
+        }
+
+        byte[] jsonBytes = pdfJsonConversionService.extractDocumentMetadata(inputFile, jobId);
+        String originalName = inputFile.getOriginalFilename();
+        String baseName =
+                (originalName != null && !originalName.isBlank())
+                        ? Filenames.toSimpleFileName(originalName).replaceFirst("[.][^.]+$", "")
+                        : "document";
+        String docName = baseName + "_metadata.json";
+        return WebResponseUtils.bytesToWebResponse(jsonBytes, docName, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping(value = "/pdf/json/partial/{jobId}", consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
+    @StandardPdfResponse
+    @Operation(
+            summary = "Apply incremental edits to a cached PDF",
+            description =
+                    "Applies edits for the specified pages of a cached PDF and returns an updated PDF."
+                            + " Requires the PDF to have been previously cached via the PDF to JSON endpoint.")
+    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportPartialPdf(
+            @PathVariable String jobId,
+            @RequestBody PdfJsonDocument document,
+            @RequestParam(value = "filename", required = false) String filename)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (document == null) {
+            throw ExceptionUtils.createNullArgumentException("document");
+        }
+
+        byte[] pdfBytes = pdfJsonConversionService.exportUpdatedPages(jobId, document);
+
+        String baseName =
+                (filename != null && !filename.isBlank())
+                        ? Filenames.toSimpleFileName(filename).replaceFirst("[.][^.]+$", "")
+                        : Optional.ofNullable(document.getMetadata())
+                                .map(PdfJsonMetadata::getTitle)
+                                .filter(title -> title != null && !title.isBlank())
+                                .orElse("document");
+        String docName = baseName.endsWith(".pdf") ? baseName : baseName + ".pdf";
+        return WebResponseUtils.bytesToWebResponse(pdfBytes, docName);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping(value = "/pdf/json/page/{jobId}/{pageNumber}")
+    @Operation(
+            summary = "Extract single page from cached PDF",
+            description =
+                    "Retrieves a single page's content from a previously cached PDF document."
+                            + " Requires prior call to /pdf/json/metadata. Output:JSON")
+    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> extractSinglePage(
+            @PathVariable String jobId, @PathVariable int pageNumber) throws Exception {
+        byte[] jsonBytes = pdfJsonConversionService.extractSinglePage(jobId, pageNumber);
+        String docName = "page_" + pageNumber + ".json";
+        return WebResponseUtils.bytesToWebResponse(jsonBytes, docName, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping(value = "/pdf/json/clear-cache/{jobId}")
+    @Operation(
+            summary = "Clear cached PDF document",
+            description =
+                    "Manually clears a cached PDF document to free up server resources."
+                            + " Called automatically after 30 minutes.")
+    public ResponseEntity<Void> clearCache(@PathVariable String jobId) {
+        pdfJsonConversionService.clearCachedDocument(jobId);
+        return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
+    }
 }

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/model/api/PdfJsonConversionProgress.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.model.api;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+@Data
+@Builder
+@NoArgsConstructor
+@AllArgsConstructor
+public class PdfJsonConversionProgress {
+    private int percent;
+    private String stage;
+    private String message;
+    private boolean complete;
+    private Integer current; // Current item being processed (e.g., page number)
+    private Integer total; // Total items to process (e.g., total pages)
+
+    public static PdfJsonConversionProgress of(int percent, String stage, String message) {
+        return PdfJsonConversionProgress.builder()
+                .percent(percent)
+                .stage(stage)
+                .message(message)
+                .complete(false)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    public static PdfJsonConversionProgress of(
+            int percent, String stage, String message, int current, int total) {
+        return PdfJsonConversionProgress.builder()
+                .percent(percent)
+                .stage(stage)
+                .message(message)
+                .current(current)
+                .total(total)
+                .complete(false)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    public static PdfJsonConversionProgress complete() {
+        return PdfJsonConversionProgress.builder()
+                .percent(100)
+                .stage("complete")
+                .message("Conversion complete")
+                .complete(true)
+                .build();
+    }
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/model/json/PdfJsonDocument.java

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ public class PdfJsonDocument {
     /** Optional XMP metadata packet stored as Base64. */
     private String xmpMetadata;
 
+    /** Indicates that images should be loaded lazily via API rather than embedded in the JSON. */
+    private Boolean lazyImages;
+
     @Builder.Default private List<PdfJsonFont> fonts = new ArrayList<>();
 
     @Builder.Default private List<PdfJsonPage> pages = new ArrayList<>();

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/model/json/PdfJsonDocumentMetadata.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.model.json;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+@Data
+@Builder
+@NoArgsConstructor
+@AllArgsConstructor
+@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+public class PdfJsonDocumentMetadata {
+
+    private PdfJsonMetadata metadata;
+
+    /** Optional XMP metadata packet stored as Base64. */
+    private String xmpMetadata;
+
+    /** Indicates that images should be requested lazily via the page endpoint. */
+    private Boolean lazyImages;
+
+    @Builder.Default private List<PdfJsonFont> fonts = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Builder.Default private List<PdfJsonPageDimension> pageDimensions = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /** Form fields (AcroForm) at document level */
+    @Builder.Default private List<PdfJsonFormField> formFields = new ArrayList<>();
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/model/json/PdfJsonPageDimension.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.model.json;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+@Data
+@Builder
+@NoArgsConstructor
+@AllArgsConstructor
+@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+public class PdfJsonPageDimension {
+    private Integer pageNumber;
+    private Float width;
+    private Float height;
+    private Integer rotation;
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/service/PdfJsonCosMapper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.service;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSArray;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSBase;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSBoolean;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSDictionary;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSFloat;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSInteger;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSName;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSNull;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSObject;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSStream;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSString;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDStream;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonCosValue;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonStream;
+
+@Slf4j
+@Component
+public class PdfJsonCosMapper {
+
+    public PdfJsonStream serializeStream(PDStream stream) throws IOException {
+        if (stream == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return serializeStream(
+                stream.getCOSObject(), Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<>()));
+    }
+
+    public PdfJsonStream serializeStream(COSStream cosStream) throws IOException {
+        if (cosStream == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return serializeStream(cosStream, Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<>()));
+    }
+
+    public PdfJsonCosValue serializeCosValue(COSBase base) throws IOException {
+        return serializeCosValue(base, Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<>()));
+    }
+
+    public COSBase deserializeCosValue(PdfJsonCosValue value, PDDocument document)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (value == null || value.getType() == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        switch (value.getType()) {
+            case NULL:
+                return COSNull.NULL;
+            case BOOLEAN:
+                if (value.getValue() instanceof Boolean bool) {
+                    return COSBoolean.getBoolean(bool);
+                }
+                return null;
+            case INTEGER:
+                if (value.getValue() instanceof Number number) {
+                    return COSInteger.get(number.longValue());
+                }
+                return null;
+            case FLOAT:
+                if (value.getValue() instanceof Number number) {
+                    return new COSFloat(number.floatValue());
+                }
+                return null;
+            case NAME:
+                if (value.getValue() instanceof String name) {
+                    return COSName.getPDFName(name);
+                }
+                return null;
+            case STRING:
+                if (value.getValue() instanceof String encoded) {
+                    try {
+                        byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encoded);
+                        return new COSString(bytes);
+                    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+                        log.debug("Failed to decode COSString value: {}", ex.getMessage());
+                    }
+                }
+                return null;
+            case ARRAY:
+                COSArray array = new COSArray();
+                if (value.getItems() != null) {
+                    for (PdfJsonCosValue item : value.getItems()) {
+                        COSBase entry = deserializeCosValue(item, document);
+                        if (entry != null) {
+                            array.add(entry);
+                        } else {
+                            array.add(COSNull.NULL);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return array;
+            case DICTIONARY:
+                COSDictionary dictionary = new COSDictionary();
+                if (value.getEntries() != null) {
+                    for (Map.Entry<String, PdfJsonCosValue> entry : value.getEntries().entrySet()) {
+                        COSName key = COSName.getPDFName(entry.getKey());
+                        COSBase entryValue = deserializeCosValue(entry.getValue(), document);
+                        if (entryValue != null) {
+                            dictionary.setItem(key, entryValue);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return dictionary;
+            case STREAM:
+                if (value.getStream() != null) {
+                    return buildStreamFromModel(value.getStream(), document);
+                }
+                return null;
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public COSStream buildStreamFromModel(PdfJsonStream streamModel, PDDocument document)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (streamModel == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        COSStream cosStream = document.getDocument().createCOSStream();
+        if (streamModel.getDictionary() != null) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, PdfJsonCosValue> entry :
+                    streamModel.getDictionary().entrySet()) {
+                COSName key = COSName.getPDFName(entry.getKey());
+                COSBase value = deserializeCosValue(entry.getValue(), document);
+                if (value != null) {
+                    cosStream.setItem(key, value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        String rawData = streamModel.getRawData();
+        if (rawData != null && !rawData.isBlank()) {
+            byte[] data;
+            try {
+                data = Base64.getDecoder().decode(rawData);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+                log.debug("Invalid base64 content stream data: {}", ex.getMessage());
+                data = new byte[0];
+            }
+            try (OutputStream outputStream = cosStream.createRawOutputStream()) {
+                outputStream.write(data);
+            }
+            cosStream.setItem(COSName.LENGTH, COSInteger.get(data.length));
+        } else {
+            cosStream.setItem(COSName.LENGTH, COSInteger.get(0));
+        }
+        return cosStream;
+    }
+
+    private PdfJsonCosValue serializeCosValue(COSBase base, Set<COSBase> visited)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (base == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (base instanceof COSObject cosObject) {
+            base = cosObject.getObject();
+            if (base == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean complex =
+                base instanceof COSDictionary
+                        || base instanceof COSArray
+                        || base instanceof COSStream;
+        if (complex) {
+            if (!visited.add(base)) {
+                return PdfJsonCosValue.builder()
+                        .type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.NAME)
+                        .value("__circular__")
+                        .build();
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            PdfJsonCosValue.PdfJsonCosValueBuilder builder = PdfJsonCosValue.builder();
+            if (base instanceof COSNull) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.NULL);
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSBoolean booleanValue) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.BOOLEAN).value(booleanValue.getValue());
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSInteger integer) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.INTEGER).value(integer.longValue());
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSFloat floatValue) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.FLOAT).value(floatValue.floatValue());
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSName name) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.NAME).value(name.getName());
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSString cosString) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.STRING)
+                        .value(Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cosString.getBytes()));
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSArray array) {
+                List<PdfJsonCosValue> items = new ArrayList<>(array.size());
+                for (COSBase item : array) {
+                    PdfJsonCosValue serialized = serializeCosValue(item, visited);
+                    items.add(serialized);
+                }
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.ARRAY).items(items);
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSStream stream) {
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.STREAM).stream(serializeStream(stream, visited));
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            if (base instanceof COSDictionary dictionary) {
+                Map<String, PdfJsonCosValue> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+                for (COSName key : dictionary.keySet()) {
+                    PdfJsonCosValue serialized =
+                            serializeCosValue(dictionary.getDictionaryObject(key), visited);
+                    entries.put(key.getName(), serialized);
+                }
+                builder.type(PdfJsonCosValue.Type.DICTIONARY).entries(entries);
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            if (complex) {
+                visited.remove(base);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private PdfJsonStream serializeStream(COSStream cosStream, Set<COSBase> visited)
+            throws IOException {
+        Map<String, PdfJsonCosValue> dictionary = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (COSName key : cosStream.keySet()) {
+            COSBase value = cosStream.getDictionaryObject(key);
+            PdfJsonCosValue serialized = serializeCosValue(value, visited);
+            if (serialized != null) {
+                dictionary.put(key.getName(), serialized);
+            }
+        }
+        String rawData = null;
+        try (InputStream inputStream = cosStream.createRawInputStream();
+                ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            if (inputStream != null) {
+                inputStream.transferTo(baos);
+            }
+            byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
+            if (data.length > 0) {
+                rawData = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(data);
+            }
+        }
+        return PdfJsonStream.builder().dictionary(dictionary).rawData(rawData).build();
+    }
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/service/PdfJsonFallbackFontService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.service;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
+import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonFont;
+
+@Slf4j
+@Component
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class PdfJsonFallbackFontService {
+
+    public static final String FALLBACK_FONT_ID = "fallback-noto-sans";
+    public static final String DEFAULT_FALLBACK_FONT_LOCATION =
+            "classpath:/static/fonts/NotoSans-Regular.ttf";
+    public static final String FALLBACK_FONT_CJK_ID = "fallback-noto-cjk";
+    public static final String FALLBACK_FONT_JP_ID = "fallback-noto-jp";
+    public static final String FALLBACK_FONT_KR_ID = "fallback-noto-korean";
+    public static final String FALLBACK_FONT_AR_ID = "fallback-noto-arabic";
+    public static final String FALLBACK_FONT_TH_ID = "fallback-noto-thai";
+
+    private static final Map<String, FallbackFontSpec> BUILT_IN_FALLBACK_FONTS =
+            Map.ofEntries(
+                    Map.entry(
+                            FALLBACK_FONT_CJK_ID,
+                            new FallbackFontSpec(
+                                    "classpath:/static/fonts/NotoSansSC-Regular.ttf",
+                                    "NotoSansSC-Regular",
+                                    "ttf")),
+                    Map.entry(
+                            FALLBACK_FONT_JP_ID,
+                            new FallbackFontSpec(
+                                    "classpath:/static/fonts/NotoSansJP-Regular.ttf",
+                                    "NotoSansJP-Regular",
+                                    "ttf")),
+                    Map.entry(
+                            FALLBACK_FONT_KR_ID,
+                            new FallbackFontSpec(
+                                    "classpath:/static/fonts/malgun.ttf", "MalgunGothic", "ttf")),
+                    Map.entry(
+                            FALLBACK_FONT_AR_ID,
+                            new FallbackFontSpec(
+                                    "classpath:/static/fonts/NotoSansArabic-Regular.ttf",
+                                    "NotoSansArabic-Regular",
+                                    "ttf")),
+                    Map.entry(
+                            FALLBACK_FONT_TH_ID,
+                            new FallbackFontSpec(
+                                    "classpath:/static/fonts/NotoSansThai-Regular.ttf",
+                                    "NotoSansThai-Regular",
+                                    "ttf")));
+
+    private final ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
+
+    @Value("${stirling.pdf.fallback-font:" + DEFAULT_FALLBACK_FONT_LOCATION + "}")
+    private String fallbackFontLocation;
+
+    private final Map<String, byte[]> fallbackFontCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    public PdfJsonFont buildFallbackFontModel() throws IOException {
+        return buildFallbackFontModel(FALLBACK_FONT_ID);
+    }
+
+    public PdfJsonFont buildFallbackFontModel(String fallbackId) throws IOException {
+        FallbackFontSpec spec = getFallbackFontSpec(fallbackId);
+        if (spec == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Unknown fallback font id " + fallbackId);
+        }
+        byte[] bytes = loadFallbackFontBytes(fallbackId, spec);
+        String base64 = java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
+        return PdfJsonFont.builder()
+                .id(fallbackId)
+                .uid(fallbackId)
+                .baseName(spec.baseName())
+                .subtype("TrueType")
+                .embedded(true)
+                .program(base64)
+                .programFormat(spec.format())
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    public PDFont loadFallbackPdfFont(PDDocument document) throws IOException {
+        return loadFallbackPdfFont(document, FALLBACK_FONT_ID);
+    }
+
+    public PDFont loadFallbackPdfFont(PDDocument document, String fallbackId) throws IOException {
+        FallbackFontSpec spec = getFallbackFontSpec(fallbackId);
+        if (spec == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Unknown fallback font id " + fallbackId);
+        }
+        byte[] bytes = loadFallbackFontBytes(fallbackId, spec);
+        try (InputStream stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)) {
+            return PDType0Font.load(document, stream, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean canEncodeFully(PDFont font, String text) {
+        return canEncode(font, text);
+    }
+
+    public boolean canEncode(PDFont font, int codePoint) {
+        return canEncode(font, new String(Character.toChars(codePoint)));
+    }
+
+    public boolean canEncode(PDFont font, String text) {
+        if (font == null || text == null || text.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            font.encode(text);
+            return true;
+        } catch (IOException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String resolveFallbackFontId(int codePoint) {
+        Character.UnicodeBlock block = Character.UnicodeBlock.of(codePoint);
+        if (block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS_EXTENSION_A
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS_EXTENSION_B
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS_EXTENSION_C
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS_EXTENSION_D
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS_EXTENSION_E
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_UNIFIED_IDEOGRAPHS_EXTENSION_F
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.CJK_SYMBOLS_AND_PUNCTUATION
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.BOPOMOFO
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.BOPOMOFO_EXTENDED
+                || block == Character.UnicodeBlock.HALFWIDTH_AND_FULLWIDTH_FORMS) {
+            return FALLBACK_FONT_CJK_ID;
+        }
+
+        Character.UnicodeScript script = Character.UnicodeScript.of(codePoint);
+        return switch (script) {
+            case HAN -> FALLBACK_FONT_CJK_ID;
+            case HIRAGANA, KATAKANA -> FALLBACK_FONT_JP_ID;
+            case HANGUL -> FALLBACK_FONT_KR_ID;
+            case ARABIC -> FALLBACK_FONT_AR_ID;
+            case THAI -> FALLBACK_FONT_TH_ID;
+            default -> FALLBACK_FONT_ID;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public String mapUnsupportedGlyph(int codePoint) {
+        return switch (codePoint) {
+            case 0x276E -> "<";
+            case 0x276F -> ">";
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private FallbackFontSpec getFallbackFontSpec(String fallbackId) {
+        if (FALLBACK_FONT_ID.equals(fallbackId)) {
+            String baseName = inferBaseName(fallbackFontLocation, "NotoSans-Regular");
+            String format = inferFormat(fallbackFontLocation, "ttf");
+            return new FallbackFontSpec(fallbackFontLocation, baseName, format);
+        }
+        return BUILT_IN_FALLBACK_FONTS.get(fallbackId);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] loadFallbackFontBytes(String fallbackId, FallbackFontSpec spec)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (spec == null) {
+            throw new IOException("No fallback font specification for " + fallbackId);
+        }
+        byte[] cached = fallbackFontCache.get(fallbackId);
+        if (cached != null) {
+            return cached;
+        }
+        Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource(spec.resourceLocation());
+        if (!resource.exists()) {
+            throw new IOException("Fallback font resource not found at " + spec.resourceLocation());
+        }
+        try (InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
+                ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            inputStream.transferTo(baos);
+            byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
+            fallbackFontCache.put(fallbackId, bytes);
+            return bytes;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String inferBaseName(String location, String defaultName) {
+        if (location == null || location.isBlank()) {
+            return defaultName;
+        }
+        int slash = location.lastIndexOf('/');
+        String fileName = slash >= 0 ? location.substring(slash + 1) : location;
+        int dot = fileName.lastIndexOf('.');
+        if (dot > 0) {
+            fileName = fileName.substring(0, dot);
+        }
+        return fileName.isEmpty() ? defaultName : fileName;
+    }
+
+    private String inferFormat(String location, String defaultFormat) {
+        if (location == null || location.isBlank()) {
+            return defaultFormat;
+        }
+        int dot = location.lastIndexOf('.');
+        if (dot >= 0 && dot < location.length() - 1) {
+            return location.substring(dot + 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        }
+        return defaultFormat;
+    }
+
+    private record FallbackFontSpec(String resourceLocation, String baseName, String format) {}
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/service/pdfjson/PdfJsonFontService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.service.pdfjson;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.common.util.ProcessExecutor;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ProcessExecutor.ProcessExecutorResult;
+import stirling.software.common.util.TempFile;
+import stirling.software.common.util.TempFileManager;
+
+@Slf4j
+@Service
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class PdfJsonFontService {
+
+    private final TempFileManager tempFileManager;
+
+    @Getter
+    @Value("${stirling.pdf.json.cff-converter.enabled:true}")
+    private boolean cffConversionEnabled;
+
+    @Getter
+    @Value("${stirling.pdf.json.cff-converter.method:python}")
+    private String cffConverterMethod;
+
+    @Value("${stirling.pdf.json.cff-converter.python-command:/opt/venv/bin/python3}")
+    private String pythonCommand;
+
+    @Value("${stirling.pdf.json.cff-converter.python-script:/scripts/convert_cff_to_ttf.py}")
+    private String pythonScript;
+
+    @Value("${stirling.pdf.json.cff-converter.fontforge-command:fontforge}")
+    private String fontforgeCommand;
+
+    private volatile boolean pythonCffConverterAvailable;
+    private volatile boolean fontForgeCffConverterAvailable;
+
+    @PostConstruct
+    private void initialiseCffConverterAvailability() {
+        if (!cffConversionEnabled) {
+            log.warn("[FONT-DEBUG] CFF conversion is DISABLED in configuration");
+            pythonCffConverterAvailable = false;
+            fontForgeCffConverterAvailable = false;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log.info("[FONT-DEBUG] CFF conversion enabled, checking tool availability...");
+        pythonCffConverterAvailable = isCommandAvailable(pythonCommand);
+        if (!pythonCffConverterAvailable) {
+            log.warn(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] Python command '{}' not found; Python CFF conversion disabled",
+                    pythonCommand);
+        } else {
+            log.info("[FONT-DEBUG] Python command '{}' is available", pythonCommand);
+        }
+
+        fontForgeCffConverterAvailable = isCommandAvailable(fontforgeCommand);
+        if (!fontForgeCffConverterAvailable) {
+            log.warn(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] FontForge command '{}' not found; FontForge CFF conversion disabled",
+                    fontforgeCommand);
+        } else {
+            log.info("[FONT-DEBUG] FontForge command '{}' is available", fontforgeCommand);
+        }
+
+        log.info("[FONT-DEBUG] Selected CFF converter method: {}", cffConverterMethod);
+    }
+
+    public byte[] convertCffProgramToTrueType(byte[] fontBytes, String toUnicode) {
+        if (!cffConversionEnabled || fontBytes == null || fontBytes.length == 0) {
+            log.warn(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] CFF conversion skipped: enabled={}, bytes={}",
+                    cffConversionEnabled,
+                    fontBytes == null ? "null" : fontBytes.length);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        log.info(
+                "[FONT-DEBUG] Converting CFF font: {} bytes, method: {}",
+                fontBytes.length,
+                cffConverterMethod);
+
+        if ("python".equalsIgnoreCase(cffConverterMethod)) {
+            if (!pythonCffConverterAvailable) {
+                log.warn("[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF converter not available, skipping conversion");
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] result = convertCffUsingPython(fontBytes, toUnicode);
+            log.info(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] Python conversion result: {}",
+                    result == null ? "null" : result.length + " bytes");
+            return result;
+        } else if ("fontforge".equalsIgnoreCase(cffConverterMethod)) {
+            if (!fontForgeCffConverterAvailable) {
+                log.warn("[FONT-DEBUG] FontForge CFF converter not available, skipping conversion");
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] result = convertCffUsingFontForge(fontBytes);
+            log.info(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] FontForge conversion result: {}",
+                    result == null ? "null" : result.length + " bytes");
+            return result;
+        } else {
+            log.warn(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] Unknown CFF converter method: {}, falling back to Python",
+                    cffConverterMethod);
+            if (!pythonCffConverterAvailable) {
+                log.warn("[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF converter not available, skipping conversion");
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] result = convertCffUsingPython(fontBytes, toUnicode);
+            log.info(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] Python conversion result: {}",
+                    result == null ? "null" : result.length + " bytes");
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String detectFontFlavor(byte[] fontBytes) {
+        if (fontBytes == null || fontBytes.length < 4) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        int signature =
+                ((fontBytes[0] & 0xFF) << 24)
+                        | ((fontBytes[1] & 0xFF) << 16)
+                        | ((fontBytes[2] & 0xFF) << 8)
+                        | (fontBytes[3] & 0xFF);
+        if (signature == 0x00010000 || signature == 0x74727565) {
+            return "ttf";
+        }
+        if (signature == 0x4F54544F) {
+            return "otf";
+        }
+        if (signature == 0x74746366) {
+            return "cff";
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public String detectTrueTypeFormat(byte[] data) {
+        if (data == null || data.length < 4) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        int signature =
+                ((data[0] & 0xFF) << 24)
+                        | ((data[1] & 0xFF) << 16)
+                        | ((data[2] & 0xFF) << 8)
+                        | (data[3] & 0xFF);
+        if (signature == 0x00010000) {
+            return "ttf";
+        }
+        if (signature == 0x4F54544F) {
+            return "otf";
+        }
+        if (signature == 0x74746366) {
+            return "cff";
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public String validateFontTables(byte[] fontBytes) {
+        if (fontBytes == null || fontBytes.length < 12) {
+            return "Font program too small";
+        }
+        int numTables = ((fontBytes[4] & 0xFF) << 8) | (fontBytes[5] & 0xFF);
+        if (numTables <= 0 || numTables > 512) {
+            return "Invalid numTables: " + numTables;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] convertCffUsingPython(byte[] fontBytes, String toUnicode) {
+        if (!pythonCffConverterAvailable) {
+            log.warn("[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF converter not available");
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (pythonCommand == null
+                || pythonCommand.isBlank()
+                || pythonScript == null
+                || pythonScript.isBlank()) {
+            log.warn("[FONT-DEBUG] Python converter not configured");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        log.info(
+                "[FONT-DEBUG] Running Python CFF converter: command={}, script={}",
+                pythonCommand,
+                pythonScript);
+
+        try (TempFile inputFile = new TempFile(tempFileManager, ".cff");
+                TempFile outputFile = new TempFile(tempFileManager, ".otf");
+                TempFile toUnicodeFile =
+                        toUnicode != null ? new TempFile(tempFileManager, ".tounicode") : null) {
+            Files.write(inputFile.getPath(), fontBytes);
+            if (toUnicodeFile != null) {
+                try {
+                    byte[] toUnicodeBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(toUnicode);
+                    Files.write(toUnicodeFile.getPath(), toUnicodeBytes);
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+                    log.warn(
+                            "[FONT-DEBUG] Failed to decode ToUnicode data for CFF conversion: {}",
+                            ex.getMessage());
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            String[] command =
+                    buildPythonCommand(
+                            inputFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+                            outputFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+                            toUnicodeFile != null ? toUnicodeFile.getAbsolutePath() : null);
+            log.info("[FONT-DEBUG] Executing: {}", String.join(" ", command));
+
+            ProcessExecutorResult result =
+                    ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.CFF_CONVERTER)
+                            .runCommandWithOutputHandling(java.util.Arrays.asList(command));
+
+            if (result.getRc() != 0) {
+                log.error(
+                        "[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF conversion failed with exit code: {}",
+                        result.getRc());
+                log.error("[FONT-DEBUG] Stdout: {}", result.getMessages());
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (!Files.exists(outputFile.getPath())) {
+                log.error("[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF conversion produced no output file");
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(outputFile.getPath());
+            if (data.length == 0) {
+                log.error("[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF conversion returned empty output");
+                return null;
+            }
+            log.info(
+                    "[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF conversion succeeded: {} bytes -> {} bytes",
+                    fontBytes.length,
+                    data.length);
+            return data;
+        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException ex) {
+            if (ex instanceof InterruptedException) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+            log.error("[FONT-DEBUG] Python CFF conversion exception: {}", ex.getMessage(), ex);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public byte[] convertCffUsingFontForge(byte[] fontBytes) {
+        if (!fontForgeCffConverterAvailable) {
+            log.debug("FontForge CFF converter not available");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try (TempFile inputFile = new TempFile(tempFileManager, ".cff");
+                TempFile outputFile = new TempFile(tempFileManager, ".ttf")) {
+            Files.write(inputFile.getPath(), fontBytes);
+
+            ProcessExecutorResult result =
+                    ProcessExecutor.getInstance(ProcessExecutor.Processes.CFF_CONVERTER)
+                            .runCommandWithOutputHandling(
+                                    java.util.Arrays.asList(
+                                            fontforgeCommand,
+                                            "-lang=ff",
+                                            "-c",
+                                            "Open($1); "
+                                                    + "ScaleToEm(1000); "
+                                                    + "SelectWorthOutputting(); "
+                                                    + "SetFontOrder(2); "
+                                                    + "Reencode(\"unicode\"); "
+                                                    + "RoundToInt(); "
+                                                    + "RemoveOverlap(); "
+                                                    + "Simplify(); "
+                                                    + "CorrectDirection(); "
+                                                    + "Generate($2, \"\", 4+16+32); "
+                                                    + "Close(); "
+                                                    + "Quit()",
+                                            inputFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+                                            outputFile.getAbsolutePath()));
+
+            if (result.getRc() != 0) {
+                log.warn("FontForge CFF conversion failed: {}", result.getRc());
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (!Files.exists(outputFile.getPath())) {
+                log.warn("FontForge CFF conversion produced no output");
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] data = Files.readAllBytes(outputFile.getPath());
+            if (data.length == 0) {
+                log.warn("FontForge CFF conversion returned empty output");
+                return null;
+            }
+            return data;
+        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException ex) {
+            if (ex instanceof InterruptedException) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+            log.warn("FontForge CFF conversion failed: {}", ex.getMessage());
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isCommandAvailable(String command) {
+        if (command == null || command.isBlank()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder();
+            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).contains("windows")) {
+                processBuilder.command("where", command);
+            } else {
+                processBuilder.command("which", command);
+            }
+            Process process = processBuilder.start();
+            int exitCode = process.waitFor();
+            return exitCode == 0;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.debug("Error checking for command {}: {}", command, e.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String[] buildPythonCommand(String input, String output, String toUnicode) {
+        if (toUnicode != null) {
+            return new String[] {
+                pythonCommand,
+                pythonScript,
+                "--input",
+                input,
+                "--output",
+                output,
+                "--to-unicode",
+                toUnicode
+            };
+        }
+        return new String[] {pythonCommand, pythonScript, "--input", input, "--output", output};
+    }
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/service/pdfjson/PdfJsonImageService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.service.pdfjson;
+
+import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
+import java.awt.geom.Point2D;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.contentstream.PDFGraphicsStreamEngine;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.contentstream.operator.Operator;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.contentstream.operator.OperatorName;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSBase;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSName;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPageContentStream;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.graphics.image.PDImage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.graphics.image.PDImageXObject;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.util.Matrix;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.api.PdfJsonConversionProgress;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonImageElement;
+
+/**
+ * Service for handling PDF image operations for JSON conversion (extraction, encoding, rendering).
+ */
+@Service
+@Slf4j
+public class PdfJsonImageService {
+
+    private record EncodedImage(String base64, String format) {}
+
+    private record Bounds(float left, float right, float bottom, float top) {
+        float width() {
+            return Math.max(0f, right - left);
+        }
+
+        float height() {
+            return Math.max(0f, top - bottom);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects images from all pages in a PDF document.
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @param totalPages Total number of pages
+     * @param progress Progress callback
+     * @return Map of page number to list of image elements
+     * @throws IOException If image extraction fails
+     */
+    public Map<Integer, List<PdfJsonImageElement>> collectImages(
+            PDDocument document, int totalPages, Consumer<PdfJsonConversionProgress> progress)
+            throws IOException {
+        Map<Integer, List<PdfJsonImageElement>> imagesByPage = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        int pageNumber = 1;
+        for (PDPage page : document.getPages()) {
+            ImageCollectingEngine engine =
+                    new ImageCollectingEngine(page, pageNumber, imagesByPage);
+            engine.processPage(page);
+
+            // Update progress for image extraction (70-80%)
+            int imageProgress = 70 + (int) ((pageNumber / (double) totalPages) * 10);
+            progress.accept(
+                    PdfJsonConversionProgress.of(
+                            imageProgress, "images", "Extracting images", pageNumber, totalPages));
+            pageNumber++;
+        }
+        return imagesByPage;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts images from a single PDF page (for on-demand lazy loading).
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @param page The specific page to extract images from
+     * @param pageNumber The page number (1-indexed)
+     * @return List of image elements for this page
+     * @throws IOException If image extraction fails
+     */
+    public List<PdfJsonImageElement> extractImagesForPage(
+            PDDocument document, PDPage page, int pageNumber) throws IOException {
+        Map<Integer, List<PdfJsonImageElement>> imagesByPage = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        ImageCollectingEngine engine = new ImageCollectingEngine(page, pageNumber, imagesByPage);
+        engine.processPage(page);
+        return imagesByPage.getOrDefault(pageNumber, new ArrayList<>());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draws an image element on a PDF page content stream.
+     *
+     * @param contentStream The content stream to draw on
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @param element The image element to draw
+     * @param cache Cache of previously created image XObjects
+     * @throws IOException If drawing fails
+     */
+    public void drawImageElement(
+            PDPageContentStream contentStream,
+            PDDocument document,
+            PdfJsonImageElement element,
+            Map<String, PDImageXObject> cache)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (element == null || element.getImageData() == null || element.getImageData().isBlank()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String cacheKey =
+                element.getId() != null && !element.getId().isBlank()
+                        ? element.getId()
+                        : Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(element));
+        PDImageXObject image = cache.get(cacheKey);
+        if (image == null) {
+            image = createImageXObject(document, element);
+            if (image == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            cache.put(cacheKey, image);
+        }
+
+        List<Float> transform = element.getTransform();
+        if (transform != null && transform.size() == 6) {
+            Matrix matrix =
+                    new Matrix(
+                            safeFloat(transform.get(0), 1f),
+                            safeFloat(transform.get(1), 0f),
+                            safeFloat(transform.get(2), 0f),
+                            safeFloat(transform.get(3), 1f),
+                            safeFloat(transform.get(4), 0f),
+                            safeFloat(transform.get(5), 0f));
+            contentStream.drawImage(image, matrix);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float width = safeFloat(element.getWidth(), fallbackWidth(element));
+        float height = safeFloat(element.getHeight(), fallbackHeight(element));
+        if (width <= 0f) {
+            width = Math.max(1f, fallbackWidth(element));
+        }
+        if (height <= 0f) {
+            height = Math.max(1f, fallbackHeight(element));
+        }
+        float left = resolveLeft(element, width);
+        float bottom = resolveBottom(element, height);
+
+        contentStream.drawImage(image, left, bottom, width, height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a PDImageXObject from a PdfJsonImageElement.
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @param element The image element with base64 data
+     * @return The created image XObject
+     * @throws IOException If image creation fails
+     */
+    public PDImageXObject createImageXObject(PDDocument document, PdfJsonImageElement element)
+            throws IOException {
+        byte[] data;
+        try {
+            data = Base64.getDecoder().decode(element.getImageData());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            log.debug("Failed to decode image element: {}", ex.getMessage());
+            return null;
+        }
+        String name = element.getId() != null ? element.getId() : UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        return PDImageXObject.createFromByteArray(document, data, name);
+    }
+
+    private EncodedImage encodeImage(PDImage image) {
+        try {
+            BufferedImage bufferedImage = image.getImage();
+            if (bufferedImage == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            String format = resolveImageFormat(image);
+            if (format == null || format.isBlank()) {
+                format = "png";
+            }
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            boolean written = ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, format, baos);
+            if (!written) {
+                if (!"png".equalsIgnoreCase(format)) {
+                    baos.reset();
+                    if (!ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", baos)) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    format = "png";
+                } else {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+            return new EncodedImage(Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray()), format);
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            log.debug("Failed to encode image: {}", ex.getMessage());
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String resolveImageFormat(PDImage image) {
+        if (image instanceof PDImageXObject xObject) {
+            String suffix = xObject.getSuffix();
+            if (suffix != null && !suffix.isBlank()) {
+                return suffix.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            }
+        }
+        return "png";
+    }
+
+    private float fallbackWidth(PdfJsonImageElement element) {
+        if (element.getRight() != null && element.getLeft() != null) {
+            return Math.max(0f, element.getRight() - element.getLeft());
+        }
+        if (element.getNativeWidth() != null) {
+            return element.getNativeWidth();
+        }
+        return 1f;
+    }
+
+    private float fallbackHeight(PdfJsonImageElement element) {
+        if (element.getTop() != null && element.getBottom() != null) {
+            return Math.max(0f, element.getTop() - element.getBottom());
+        }
+        if (element.getNativeHeight() != null) {
+            return element.getNativeHeight();
+        }
+        return 1f;
+    }
+
+    private float resolveLeft(PdfJsonImageElement element, float width) {
+        if (element.getLeft() != null) {
+            return element.getLeft();
+        }
+        if (element.getX() != null) {
+            return element.getX();
+        }
+        if (element.getRight() != null) {
+            return element.getRight() - width;
+        }
+        return 0f;
+    }
+
+    private float resolveBottom(PdfJsonImageElement element, float height) {
+        if (element.getBottom() != null) {
+            return element.getBottom();
+        }
+        if (element.getY() != null) {
+            return element.getY();
+        }
+        if (element.getTop() != null) {
+            return element.getTop() - height;
+        }
+        return 0f;
+    }
+
+    private List<Float> toMatrixValues(Matrix matrix) {
+        List<Float> values = new ArrayList<>(6);
+        values.add(matrix.getValue(0, 0));
+        values.add(matrix.getValue(0, 1));
+        values.add(matrix.getValue(1, 0));
+        values.add(matrix.getValue(1, 1));
+        values.add(matrix.getValue(2, 0));
+        values.add(matrix.getValue(2, 1));
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    private float safeFloat(Float value, float defaultValue) {
+        if (value == null || Float.isNaN(value) || Float.isInfinite(value)) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inner engine that extends PDFGraphicsStreamEngine to collect images from PDF content streams.
+     */
+    private class ImageCollectingEngine extends PDFGraphicsStreamEngine {
+
+        private final int pageNumber;
+        private final Map<Integer, List<PdfJsonImageElement>> imagesByPage;
+
+        private COSName currentXObjectName;
+        private int imageCounter = 0;
+
+        protected ImageCollectingEngine(
+                PDPage page, int pageNumber, Map<Integer, List<PdfJsonImageElement>> imagesByPage)
+                throws IOException {
+            super(page);
+            this.pageNumber = pageNumber;
+            this.imagesByPage = imagesByPage;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void processPage(PDPage page) throws IOException {
+            super.processPage(page);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void drawImage(PDImage pdImage) throws IOException {
+            EncodedImage encoded = encodeImage(pdImage);
+            if (encoded == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Matrix ctm = getGraphicsState().getCurrentTransformationMatrix();
+            Bounds bounds = computeBounds(ctm);
+            List<Float> matrixValues = toMatrixValues(ctm);
+
+            PdfJsonImageElement element =
+                    PdfJsonImageElement.builder()
+                            .id(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
+                            .objectName(
+                                    currentXObjectName != null
+                                            ? currentXObjectName.getName()
+                                            : null)
+                            .inlineImage(!(pdImage instanceof PDImageXObject))
+                            .nativeWidth(pdImage.getWidth())
+                            .nativeHeight(pdImage.getHeight())
+                            .x(bounds.left)
+                            .y(bounds.bottom)
+                            .width(bounds.width())
+                            .height(bounds.height())
+                            .left(bounds.left)
+                            .right(bounds.right)
+                            .top(bounds.top)
+                            .bottom(bounds.bottom)
+                            .transform(matrixValues)
+                            .zOrder(-1_000_000 + imageCounter)
+                            .imageData(encoded.base64())
+                            .imageFormat(encoded.format())
+                            .build();
+            imageCounter++;
+            imagesByPage.computeIfAbsent(pageNumber, key -> new ArrayList<>()).add(element);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void appendRectangle(Point2D p0, Point2D p1, Point2D p2, Point2D p3)
+                throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void clip(int windingRule) throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void moveTo(float x, float y) throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void lineTo(float x, float y) throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void curveTo(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3)
+                throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Point2D getCurrentPoint() throws IOException {
+            return new Point2D.Float();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void closePath() throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void endPath() throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void shadingFill(COSName shadingName) throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void fillAndStrokePath(int windingRule) throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void fillPath(int windingRule) throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void strokePath() throws IOException {
+            // Not needed for image extraction
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void processOperator(Operator operator, List<COSBase> operands)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (OperatorName.DRAW_OBJECT.equals(operator.getName())
+                    && !operands.isEmpty()
+                    && operands.get(0) instanceof COSName name) {
+                currentXObjectName = name;
+            }
+            super.processOperator(operator, operands);
+            currentXObjectName = null;
+        }
+
+        private Bounds computeBounds(Matrix ctm) {
+            AffineTransform transform = ctm.createAffineTransform();
+            Point2D.Float p0 = new Point2D.Float(0, 0);
+            Point2D.Float p1 = new Point2D.Float(1, 0);
+            Point2D.Float p2 = new Point2D.Float(0, 1);
+            Point2D.Float p3 = new Point2D.Float(1, 1);
+            transform.transform(p0, p0);
+            transform.transform(p1, p1);
+            transform.transform(p2, p2);
+            transform.transform(p3, p3);
+
+            float minX = Math.min(Math.min(p0.x, p1.x), Math.min(p2.x, p3.x));
+            float maxX = Math.max(Math.max(p0.x, p1.x), Math.max(p2.x, p3.x));
+            float minY = Math.min(Math.min(p0.y, p1.y), Math.min(p2.y, p3.y));
+            float maxY = Math.max(Math.max(p0.y, p1.y), Math.max(p2.y, p3.y));
+
+            if (!Float.isFinite(minX) || !Float.isFinite(minY)) {
+                return new Bounds(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);
+            }
+            return new Bounds(minX, maxX, minY, maxY);
+        }
+    }
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/service/pdfjson/PdfJsonMetadataService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.service.pdfjson;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocumentInformation;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDMetadata;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonMetadata;
+
+/** Service for extracting and applying PDF metadata (document info and XMP) for JSON conversion. */
+@Service
+@Slf4j
+public class PdfJsonMetadataService {
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts document information metadata from a PDF.
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @return Metadata model with document info
+     */
+    public PdfJsonMetadata extractMetadata(PDDocument document) {
+        PdfJsonMetadata metadata = new PdfJsonMetadata();
+        PDDocumentInformation info = document.getDocumentInformation();
+        if (info != null) {
+            metadata.setTitle(info.getTitle());
+            metadata.setAuthor(info.getAuthor());
+            metadata.setSubject(info.getSubject());
+            metadata.setKeywords(info.getKeywords());
+            metadata.setCreator(info.getCreator());
+            metadata.setProducer(info.getProducer());
+            metadata.setCreationDate(formatCalendar(info.getCreationDate()));
+            metadata.setModificationDate(formatCalendar(info.getModificationDate()));
+            metadata.setTrapped(info.getTrapped());
+        }
+        metadata.setNumberOfPages(document.getNumberOfPages());
+        return metadata;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts XMP metadata from a PDF as base64-encoded string.
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @return Base64-encoded XMP metadata, or null if not present
+     */
+    public String extractXmpMetadata(PDDocument document) {
+        if (document.getDocumentCatalog() == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        PDMetadata metadata = document.getDocumentCatalog().getMetadata();
+        if (metadata == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try (InputStream inputStream = metadata.createInputStream();
+                ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            inputStream.transferTo(baos);
+            byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
+            if (data.length == 0) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(data);
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            log.debug("Failed to extract XMP metadata: {}", ex.getMessage());
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies metadata to a PDF document.
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @param metadata The metadata to apply
+     */
+    public void applyMetadata(PDDocument document, PdfJsonMetadata metadata) {
+        if (metadata == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        PDDocumentInformation info = document.getDocumentInformation();
+        info.setTitle(metadata.getTitle());
+        info.setAuthor(metadata.getAuthor());
+        info.setSubject(metadata.getSubject());
+        info.setKeywords(metadata.getKeywords());
+        info.setCreator(metadata.getCreator());
+        info.setProducer(metadata.getProducer());
+        if (metadata.getCreationDate() != null) {
+            parseInstant(metadata.getCreationDate())
+                    .ifPresent(instant -> info.setCreationDate(toCalendar(instant)));
+        }
+        if (metadata.getModificationDate() != null) {
+            parseInstant(metadata.getModificationDate())
+                    .ifPresent(instant -> info.setModificationDate(toCalendar(instant)));
+        }
+        info.setTrapped(metadata.getTrapped());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies XMP metadata to a PDF document from base64-encoded string.
+     *
+     * @param document The PDF document
+     * @param base64 Base64-encoded XMP metadata
+     */
+    public void applyXmpMetadata(PDDocument document, String base64) {
+        if (base64 == null || base64.isBlank()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try (InputStream inputStream =
+                new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64))) {
+            PDMetadata metadata = new PDMetadata(document, inputStream);
+            document.getDocumentCatalog().setMetadata(metadata);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException ex) {
+            log.debug("Failed to apply XMP metadata: {}", ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String formatCalendar(Calendar calendar) {
+        if (calendar == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return calendar.toInstant().toString();
+    }
+
+    private Optional<Instant> parseInstant(String value) {
+        try {
+            return Optional.of(Instant.parse(value));
+        } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
+            log.warn("Failed to parse instant '{}': {}", value, ex.getMessage());
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Calendar toCalendar(Instant instant) {
+        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+        calendar.setTimeInMillis(instant.toEpochMilli());
+        return calendar;
+    }
+}

app/proprietary/src/main/java/stirling/software/SPDF/service/pdfjson/PdfLazyLoadingService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+package stirling.software.SPDF.service.pdfjson;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSBase;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSName;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.api.PdfJsonConversionProgress;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonAnnotation;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonCosValue;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonDocumentMetadata;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonFont;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonImageElement;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonPage;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonPageDimension;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonStream;
+import stirling.software.SPDF.model.json.PdfJsonTextElement;
+import stirling.software.common.service.CustomPDFDocumentFactory;
+import stirling.software.common.service.TaskManager;
+import stirling.software.common.util.ExceptionUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Service for lazy loading PDF pages. Caches PDF documents and extracts pages on-demand to reduce
+ * memory usage for large PDFs.
+ */
+@Service
+@Slf4j
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class PdfLazyLoadingService {
+
+    private final CustomPDFDocumentFactory pdfDocumentFactory;
+    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;
+    private final TaskManager taskManager;
+    private final PdfJsonMetadataService metadataService;
+    private final PdfJsonImageService imageService;
+
+    /** Cache for storing PDDocuments for lazy page loading. Key is jobId. */
+    private final Map<String, CachedPdfDocument> documentCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Stores PDF file bytes for lazy page loading. Each page is extracted on-demand by re-loading
+     * the PDF from bytes.
+     */
+    @Data
+    private static class CachedPdfDocument {
+        private final byte[] pdfBytes;
+        private final PdfJsonDocumentMetadata metadata;
+        private final long timestamp;
+
+        public CachedPdfDocument(byte[] pdfBytes, PdfJsonDocumentMetadata metadata) {
+            this.pdfBytes = pdfBytes;
+            this.metadata = metadata;
+            this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts document metadata, fonts, and page dimensions without page content. Caches the PDF
+     * bytes for subsequent page requests.
+     *
+     * @param file The uploaded PDF file
+     * @param jobId The job ID for caching
+     * @param fonts Font map (will be populated)
+     * @param pageFontResources Page font resources map (will be populated)
+     * @return Serialized metadata JSON
+     * @throws IOException If extraction fails
+     */
+    public byte[] extractDocumentMetadata(
+            MultipartFile file,
+            String jobId,
+            Map<String, PdfJsonFont> fonts,
+            Map<Integer, Map<PDFont, String>> pageFontResources)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (file == null) {
+            throw ExceptionUtils.createNullArgumentException("fileInput");
+        }
+
+        Consumer<PdfJsonConversionProgress> progress =
+                jobId != null
+                        ? (p) -> {
+                            log.info(
+                                    "Progress: [{}%] {} - {}{}",
+                                    p.getPercent(),
+                                    p.getStage(),
+                                    p.getMessage(),
+                                    (p.getCurrent() != null && p.getTotal() != null)
+                                            ? String.format(
+                                                    " (%d/%d)", p.getCurrent(), p.getTotal())
+                                            : "");
+                            reportProgressToTaskManager(jobId, p);
+                        }
+                        : (p) -> {};
+
+        // Read PDF bytes once for processing and caching
+        byte[] pdfBytes = file.getBytes();
+
+        try (PDDocument document = pdfDocumentFactory.load(pdfBytes, true)) {
+            int totalPages = document.getNumberOfPages();
+
+            // Build metadata response
+            progress.accept(PdfJsonConversionProgress.of(90, "metadata", "Extracting metadata"));
+            PdfJsonDocumentMetadata docMetadata = new PdfJsonDocumentMetadata();
+            docMetadata.setMetadata(metadataService.extractMetadata(document));
+            docMetadata.setXmpMetadata(metadataService.extractXmpMetadata(document));
+            docMetadata.setLazyImages(Boolean.TRUE);
+
+            List<PdfJsonFont> serializedFonts = new ArrayList<>(fonts.values());
+            serializedFonts.sort(
+                    Comparator.comparing(
+                            PdfJsonFont::getUid, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder())));
+            docMetadata.setFonts(serializedFonts);
+
+            // Extract page dimensions
+            List<PdfJsonPageDimension> pageDimensions = new ArrayList<>();
+            int pageIndex = 0;
+            for (PDPage page : document.getPages()) {
+                PdfJsonPageDimension dim = new PdfJsonPageDimension();
+                dim.setPageNumber(pageIndex + 1);
+                PDRectangle mediaBox = page.getMediaBox();
+                dim.setWidth(mediaBox.getWidth());
+                dim.setHeight(mediaBox.getHeight());
+                dim.setRotation(page.getRotation());
+                pageDimensions.add(dim);
+                pageIndex++;
+            }
+            docMetadata.setPageDimensions(pageDimensions);
+
+            // Cache PDF bytes and metadata for lazy page loading
+            if (jobId != null) {
+                CachedPdfDocument cached = new CachedPdfDocument(pdfBytes, docMetadata);
+                documentCache.put(jobId, cached);
+                log.info(
+                        "Cached PDF bytes ({} bytes) for lazy loading, jobId: {}",
+                        pdfBytes.length,
+                        jobId);
+
+                // Schedule cleanup after 30 minutes
+                scheduleDocumentCleanup(jobId);
+            }
+
+            progress.accept(
+                    PdfJsonConversionProgress.of(100, "complete", "Metadata extraction complete"));
+
+            return objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(docMetadata);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts a single page from cached PDF bytes. Re-loads the PDF for each request.
+     *
+     * @param jobId The job ID
+     * @param pageNumber The page number (1-indexed)
+     * @param serializeCosValue Function to serialize COS values
+     * @param extractContentStreams Function to extract content streams
+     * @param filterImageXObjectsFromResources Function to filter image XObjects
+     * @param extractText Function to extract text elements for the page
+     * @param extractAnnotations Function to extract annotations for the page
+     * @return Serialized page JSON
+     * @throws IOException If extraction fails
+     */
+    public byte[] extractSinglePage(
+            String jobId,
+            int pageNumber,
+            java.util.function.Function<COSBase, PdfJsonCosValue> serializeCosValue,
+            java.util.function.Function<PDPage, List<PdfJsonStream>> extractContentStreams,
+            java.util.function.Function<COSBase, COSBase> filterImageXObjectsFromResources,
+            java.util.function.BiFunction<PDDocument, Integer, List<PdfJsonTextElement>>
+                    extractText,
+            java.util.function.BiFunction<PDDocument, Integer, List<PdfJsonAnnotation>>
+                    extractAnnotations)
+            throws IOException {
+        CachedPdfDocument cached = documentCache.get(jobId);
+        if (cached == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No cached document found for jobId: " + jobId);
+        }
+
+        int pageIndex = pageNumber - 1;
+        int totalPages = cached.getMetadata().getPageDimensions().size();
+
+        if (pageIndex < 0 || pageIndex >= totalPages) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Page number " + pageNumber + " out of range (1-" + totalPages + ")");
+        }
+
+        log.debug("Loading PDF from bytes to extract page {} (jobId: {})", pageNumber, jobId);
+
+        // Re-load PDF from cached bytes and extract the single page
+        try (PDDocument document = pdfDocumentFactory.load(cached.getPdfBytes(), true)) {
+            PDPage page = document.getPage(pageIndex);
+            PdfJsonPage pageModel = new PdfJsonPage();
+            pageModel.setPageNumber(pageNumber);
+            PDRectangle mediaBox = page.getMediaBox();
+            pageModel.setWidth(mediaBox.getWidth());
+            pageModel.setHeight(mediaBox.getHeight());
+            pageModel.setRotation(page.getRotation());
+
+            // Extract text on-demand
+            pageModel.setTextElements(extractText.apply(document, pageNumber));
+
+            // Extract annotations on-demand
+            pageModel.setAnnotations(extractAnnotations.apply(document, pageNumber));
+
+            // Extract images on-demand
+            List<PdfJsonImageElement> images =
+                    imageService.extractImagesForPage(document, page, pageNumber);
+            pageModel.setImageElements(images);
+
+            // Extract resources and content streams
+            COSBase resourcesBase = page.getCOSObject().getDictionaryObject(COSName.RESOURCES);
+            COSBase filteredResources = filterImageXObjectsFromResources.apply(resourcesBase);
+            pageModel.setResources(serializeCosValue.apply(filteredResources));
+            pageModel.setContentStreams(extractContentStreams.apply(page));
+
+            log.debug(
+                    "Extracted page {} (text: {}, images: {}, annotations: {}) for jobId: {}",
+                    pageNumber,
+                    pageModel.getTextElements().size(),
+                    images.size(),
+                    pageModel.getAnnotations().size(),
+                    jobId);
+
+            return objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(pageModel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Clears a cached document. */
+    public void clearCachedDocument(String jobId) {
+        CachedPdfDocument cached = documentCache.remove(jobId);
+        if (cached != null) {
+            log.info(
+                    "Removed cached PDF bytes ({} bytes) for jobId: {}",
+                    cached.getPdfBytes().length,
+                    jobId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Schedules automatic cleanup of cached documents after 30 minutes. */
+    private void scheduleDocumentCleanup(String jobId) {
+        new Thread(
+                        () -> {
+                            try {
+                                Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(30));
+                                clearCachedDocument(jobId);
+                                log.info("Auto-cleaned cached document for jobId: {}", jobId);
+                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                            }
+                        })
+                .start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report progress to TaskManager for async jobs
+     *
+     * @param jobId The job ID
+     * @param progress The progress update
+     */
+    private void reportProgressToTaskManager(String jobId, PdfJsonConversionProgress progress) {
+        try {
+            log.info(
+                    "Reporting progress for job {}: {}% - {}",
+                    jobId, progress.getPercent(), progress.getStage());
+            String note;
+            if (progress.getCurrent() != null && progress.getTotal() != null) {
+                note =
+                        String.format(
+                                "[%d%%] %s: %s (%d/%d)",
+                                progress.getPercent(),
+                                progress.getStage(),
+                                progress.getMessage(),
+                                progress.getCurrent(),
+                                progress.getTotal());
+            } else {
+                note =
+                        String.format(
+                                "[%d%%] %s: %s",
+                                progress.getPercent(), progress.getStage(), progress.getMessage());
+            }
+            boolean added = taskManager.addNote(jobId, note);
+            if (!added) {
+                log.warn("Failed to add note - job {} not found in TaskManager", jobId);
+            } else {
+                log.info("Successfully added progress note for job {}: {}", jobId, note);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Exception reporting progress for job {}: {}", jobId, e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+}

frontend/public/locales/en-GB/translation.json

@@ -4437,6 +4437,32 @@
     "errors": {
       "invalidJson": "Unable to read the JSON file. Ensure it was generated by the PDF to JSON tool.",
       "pdfConversion": "Unable to convert the edited JSON back into a PDF."
+    },
+    "options": {
+      "autoScaleText": {
+        "title": "Auto-scale text to fit boxes",
+        "description": "Automatically scales text horizontally to fit within its original bounding box when font rendering differs from PDF."
+      }
+    },
+    "disclaimer": {
+      "heading": "Preview limitations",
+      "textFocus": "This workspace focuses on editing text and repositioning embedded images. Complex page artwork, form widgets, and layered graphics are preserved for export but are not fully editable here.",
+      "previewVariance": "Some visuals (such as table borders, shapes, or annotation appearances) may not display exactly in the preview. The exported PDF keeps the original drawing commands whenever possible.",
+      "alpha": "This alpha viewer is still evolving—certain fonts, colours, transparency effects, and layout details may shift slightly. Please double-check the generated PDF before sharing."
+    },
+    "stages": {
+      "uploading": "Uploading",
+      "initializing": "Initializing",
+      "loading": "Loading",
+      "normalizing": "Normalizing",
+      "parsing": "Parsing",
+      "fonts": "Fonts",
+      "text": "Text Extraction",
+      "images": "Images",
+      "annotations": "Annotations",
+      "metadata": "Metadata",
+      "serializing": "Finalizing",
+      "complete": "Complete"
     }
   },
   "workspace": {

frontend/src/proprietary/components/tools/pdfJsonEditor/PdfJsonEditorView.tsx

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ import {
   FileButton,
   Group,
   Pagination,
+  Progress,
   ScrollArea,
   Stack,
+  Switch,
   Text,
   Title,
 } from '@mantine/core';
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ import {
   PdfJsonEditorViewData,
   PdfJsonFont,
   PdfJsonPage,
+  ConversionProgress,
 } from '@app/tools/pdfJsonEditor/pdfJsonEditorTypes';
 import { getImageBounds, pageDimensions } from '@app/tools/pdfJsonEditor/pdfJsonEditorUtils';
 
@@ -205,6 +208,9 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
   const [activeImageId, setActiveImageId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [fontFamilies, setFontFamilies] = useState<Map<string, string>>(new Map());
   const [textGroupsExpanded, setTextGroupsExpanded] = useState(false);
+  const [autoScaleText, setAutoScaleText] = useState(true);
+  const [textScales, setTextScales] = useState<Map<string, number>>(new Map());
+  const measurementKeyRef = useRef<string>('');
   const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
   const editorRefs = useRef<Map<string, HTMLDivElement>>(new Map());
   const caretOffsetsRef = useRef<Map<string, number>>(new Map());
@@ -220,6 +226,7 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
     errorMessage,
     isGeneratingPdf,
     isConverting,
+    conversionProgress,
     hasChanges,
     onLoadJson,
     onSelectPage,
@@ -562,8 +569,73 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
     setActiveGroupId(null);
     setEditingGroupId(null);
     setActiveImageId(null);
+    setTextScales(new Map());
+    measurementKeyRef.current = '';
   }, [selectedPage]);
 
+  // Measure text widths once per page/configuration and apply static scaling
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (!autoScaleText || visibleGroups.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Create a stable key for this measurement configuration
+    const currentKey = `${selectedPage}-${fontFamilies.size}-${autoScaleText}`;
+
+    // Skip if we've already measured for this configuration
+    if (measurementKeyRef.current === currentKey) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const measureTextScales = () => {
+      const newScales = new Map<string, number>();
+
+      visibleGroups.forEach((group) => {
+        // Skip groups that are being edited
+        if (editingGroupId === group.id) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const element = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-text-group="${group.id}"]`);
+        if (!element) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const textSpan = element.querySelector<HTMLSpanElement>('span[data-text-content]');
+        if (!textSpan) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Temporarily remove any existing transform to get natural width
+        const originalTransform = textSpan.style.transform;
+        textSpan.style.transform = 'none';
+
+        const bounds = toCssBounds(currentPage, pageHeight, scale, group.bounds);
+        const containerWidth = bounds.width;
+        const textWidth = textSpan.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+
+        // Restore original transform
+        textSpan.style.transform = originalTransform;
+
+        // Only scale if text overflows by more than 2%
+        if (textWidth > 0 && textWidth > containerWidth * 1.02) {
+          const scaleX = Math.max(containerWidth / textWidth, 0.5); // Min 50% scale
+          newScales.set(group.id, scaleX);
+        } else {
+          newScales.set(group.id, 1);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // Mark this configuration as measured
+      measurementKeyRef.current = currentKey;
+      setTextScales(newScales);
+    };
+
+    // Delay measurement to ensure fonts and layout are ready
+    const timer = setTimeout(measureTextScales, 150);
+    return () => clearTimeout(timer);
+  }, [autoScaleText, visibleGroups, editingGroupId, currentPage, pageHeight, scale, fontFamilies.size, selectedPage]);
+
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
     if (!editingGroupId) {
       return;
@@ -726,6 +798,27 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
               {t('pdfJsonEditor.currentFile', 'Current file: {{name}}', { name: fileName })}
             </Text>
           )}
+
+          <Divider my="sm" />
+
+          <Group justify="space-between" align="center">
+            <div>
+              <Text fw={500} size="sm">
+                {t('pdfJsonEditor.options.autoScaleText.title', 'Auto-scale text to fit boxes')}
+              </Text>
+              <Text size="xs" c="dimmed" mt={4}>
+                {t(
+                  'pdfJsonEditor.options.autoScaleText.description',
+                  'Automatically scales text horizontally to fit within its original bounding box when font rendering differs from PDF.'
+                )}
+              </Text>
+            </div>
+            <Switch
+              size="md"
+              checked={autoScaleText}
+              onChange={(event) => setAutoScaleText(event.currentTarget.checked)}
+            />
+          </Group>
         </Stack>
       </Card>
 
@@ -782,10 +875,39 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
 
       {isConverting && (
         <Card withBorder radius="md" padding="xl">
-          <Stack align="center" gap="md">
+          <Stack gap="md">
-            <AutorenewIcon sx={{ fontSize: 48 }} className="animate-spin" />
+            <Group justify="space-between" align="flex-start">
-            <Text size="lg" fw={600}>
+              <div style={{ flex: 1 }}>
-              {t('pdfJsonEditor.converting', 'Converting PDF to editable format...')}
+                <Text size="lg" fw={600} mb="xs">
+                  {conversionProgress
+                    ? conversionProgress.message
+                    : t('pdfJsonEditor.converting', 'Converting PDF to editable format...')}
+                </Text>
+                {conversionProgress && (
+                  <Group gap="xs">
+                    <Text size="sm" c="dimmed" tt="capitalize">
+                      {t(`pdfJsonEditor.stages.${conversionProgress.stage}`, conversionProgress.stage)}
+                    </Text>
+                    {conversionProgress.current !== undefined &&
+                      conversionProgress.total !== undefined && (
+                        <Text size="sm" c="dimmed">
+                          • Page {conversionProgress.current} of {conversionProgress.total}
+                        </Text>
+                      )}
+                  </Group>
+                )}
+              </div>
+              <AutorenewIcon sx={{ fontSize: 36 }} className="animate-spin" />
+            </Group>
+            <Progress
+              value={conversionProgress?.percent || 0}
+              size="lg"
+              radius="md"
+              animated
+              striped
+            />
+            <Text size="sm" c="dimmed" ta="right">
+              {conversionProgress?.percent || 0}% complete
             </Text>
           </Stack>
         </Card>
@@ -1105,6 +1227,9 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
                         );
                       }
 
+                      const textScale = textScales.get(group.id) ?? 1;
+                      const shouldScale = autoScaleText && textScale < 0.98;
+
                       return (
                         <Box key={group.id} style={containerStyle}>
                           {renderGroupContainer(
@@ -1112,6 +1237,7 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
                             isActive,
                             changed,
                             <div
+                              data-text-group={group.id}
                               style={{
                                 width: '100%',
                                 minHeight: '100%',
@@ -1127,7 +1253,17 @@ const PdfJsonEditorView = ({ data }: PdfJsonEditorViewProps) => {
                                 overflow: 'visible',
                               }}
                             >
-                              <span style={{ pointerEvents: 'none' }}>{group.text || '\u00A0'}</span>
+                              <span
+                                data-text-content
+                                style={{
+                                  pointerEvents: 'none',
+                                  display: 'inline-block',
+                                  transform: shouldScale ? `scaleX(${textScale})` : undefined,
+                                  transformOrigin: 'left center',
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                {group.text || '\u00A0'}
+                              </span>
                             </div>,
                             () => {
                               setEditingGroupId(group.id);

frontend/src/proprietary/data/useProprietaryToolRegistry.tsx

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ export function useProprietaryToolRegistry(): ProprietaryToolRegistry {
         "home.pdfJsonEditor.desc",
         "Review and edit Stirling PDF JSON exports with grouped text editing and PDF regeneration"
       ),
-      categoryId: ToolCategoryId.ADVANCED_TOOLS,
+      categoryId: ToolCategoryId.RECOMMENDED_TOOLS,
-      subcategoryId: SubcategoryId.DEVELOPER_TOOLS,
+      subcategoryId: SubcategoryId.GENERAL,
       workbench: "custom:pdfJsonEditor",
       endpoints: ["json-pdf"],
       synonyms: getSynonyms(t, "pdfJsonEditor"),

frontend/src/proprietary/tools/pdfJsonEditor/PdfJsonEditor.tsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { getFilenameFromHeaders } from '@app/utils/fileResponseUtils';
 import {
   PdfJsonDocument,
   PdfJsonImageElement,
+  PdfJsonPage,
   TextGroup,
   PdfJsonEditorViewData,
 } from './pdfJsonEditorTypes';
@@ -68,11 +69,39 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
   const [errorMessage, setErrorMessage] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [isGeneratingPdf, setIsGeneratingPdf] = useState(false);
   const [isConverting, setIsConverting] = useState(false);
+  const [conversionProgress, setConversionProgress] = useState<{
+    percent: number;
+    stage: string;
+    message: string;
+  } | null>(null);
+
+  // Lazy loading state
+  const [isLazyMode, setIsLazyMode] = useState(false);
+  const [cachedJobId, setCachedJobId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [loadedImagePages, setLoadedImagePages] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
+  const [loadingImagePages, setLoadingImagePages] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
 
   const originalImagesRef = useRef<PdfJsonImageElement[][]>([]);
+  const imagesByPageRef = useRef<PdfJsonImageElement[][]>([]);
   const autoLoadKeyRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const loadRequestIdRef = useRef(0);
   const latestPdfRequestIdRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+  const loadedDocumentRef = useRef<PdfJsonDocument | null>(null);
+  const loadedImagePagesRef = useRef<Set<number>>(new Set());
+  const loadingImagePagesRef = useRef<Set<number>>(new Set());
+
+  // Keep ref in sync with state for access in async callbacks
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadedDocumentRef.current = loadedDocument;
+  }, [loadedDocument]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadedImagePagesRef.current = new Set(loadedImagePages);
+  }, [loadedImagePages]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadingImagePagesRef.current = new Set(loadingImagePages);
+  }, [loadingImagePages]);
 
   const dirtyPages = useMemo(
     () => getDirtyPages(groupsByPage, imagesByPage, originalImagesRef.current),
@@ -88,18 +117,134 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
       setGroupsByPage([]);
       setImagesByPage([]);
       originalImagesRef.current = [];
+      imagesByPageRef.current = [];
+      setLoadedImagePages(new Set());
+      setLoadingImagePages(new Set());
+      loadedImagePagesRef.current = new Set();
+      loadingImagePagesRef.current = new Set();
       setSelectedPage(0);
       return;
     }
     const cloned = deepCloneDocument(document);
     const groups = groupDocumentText(cloned);
     const images = extractDocumentImages(cloned);
-    originalImagesRef.current = images.map((page) => page.map(cloneImageElement));
+    const originalImages = images.map((page) => page.map(cloneImageElement));
+    originalImagesRef.current = originalImages;
+    imagesByPageRef.current = images.map((page) => page.map(cloneImageElement));
+    const initialLoaded = new Set<number>();
+    originalImages.forEach((pageImages, index) => {
+      if (pageImages.length > 0) {
+        initialLoaded.add(index);
+      }
+    });
     setGroupsByPage(groups);
     setImagesByPage(images);
+    setLoadedImagePages(initialLoaded);
+    setLoadingImagePages(new Set());
+    loadedImagePagesRef.current = new Set(initialLoaded);
+    loadingImagePagesRef.current = new Set();
     setSelectedPage(0);
   }, []);
 
+  // Load images for a page in lazy mode
+  const loadImagesForPage = useCallback(
+    async (pageIndex: number) => {
+      if (!isLazyMode) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!cachedJobId) {
+        console.log('[loadImagesForPage] No cached jobId, skipping');
+        return;
+      }
+      if (
+        loadedImagePagesRef.current.has(pageIndex) ||
+        loadingImagePagesRef.current.has(pageIndex)
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      loadingImagePagesRef.current.add(pageIndex);
+      setLoadingImagePages((prev) => {
+        const next = new Set(prev);
+        next.add(pageIndex);
+        return next;
+      });
+
+      const pageNumber = pageIndex + 1;
+      const start = performance.now();
+
+      try {
+        const response = await apiClient.get(
+          `/api/v1/convert/pdf/json/page/${cachedJobId}/${pageNumber}`,
+          {
+            responseType: 'json',
+          },
+        );
+
+        const pageData = response.data as PdfJsonPage;
+        const normalizedImages = (pageData.imageElements ?? []).map(cloneImageElement);
+
+        if (imagesByPageRef.current.length <= pageIndex) {
+          imagesByPageRef.current.length = pageIndex + 1;
+        }
+        imagesByPageRef.current[pageIndex] = normalizedImages.map(cloneImageElement);
+
+        setLoadedDocument((prevDoc) => {
+          if (!prevDoc || !prevDoc.pages) {
+            return prevDoc;
+          }
+          const nextPages = [...prevDoc.pages];
+          const existingPage = nextPages[pageIndex] ?? {};
+          nextPages[pageIndex] = {
+            ...existingPage,
+            imageElements: normalizedImages.map(cloneImageElement),
+          };
+          return {
+            ...prevDoc,
+            pages: nextPages,
+          };
+        });
+
+        setImagesByPage((prev) => {
+          const next = [...prev];
+          while (next.length <= pageIndex) {
+            next.push([]);
+          }
+          next[pageIndex] = normalizedImages.map(cloneImageElement);
+          return next;
+        });
+
+        if (originalImagesRef.current.length <= pageIndex) {
+          originalImagesRef.current.length = pageIndex + 1;
+        }
+        originalImagesRef.current[pageIndex] = normalizedImages.map(cloneImageElement);
+
+        setLoadedImagePages((prev) => {
+          const next = new Set(prev);
+          next.add(pageIndex);
+          return next;
+        });
+        loadedImagePagesRef.current.add(pageIndex);
+
+        console.log(
+          `[loadImagesForPage] Loaded ${normalizedImages.length} images for page ${pageNumber} in ${(
+            performance.now() - start
+          ).toFixed(2)}ms`,
+        );
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error(`[loadImagesForPage] Failed to load images for page ${pageNumber}:`, error);
+      } finally {
+        loadingImagePagesRef.current.delete(pageIndex);
+        setLoadingImagePages((prev) => {
+          const next = new Set(prev);
+          next.delete(pageIndex);
+          return next;
+        });
+      }
+    },
+    [isLazyMode, cachedJobId],
+  );
+
   const handleLoadFile = useCallback(
     async (file: File | null) => {
       if (!file) {
@@ -113,39 +258,200 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
       const isPdf = file.type === 'application/pdf' || file.name.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf');
 
       try {
-        let parsed: PdfJsonDocument;
+        let parsed: PdfJsonDocument | null = null;
+        let shouldUseLazyMode = false;
+        let pendingJobId: string | null = null;
 
         setErrorMessage(null);
 
         if (isPdf) {
           latestPdfRequestIdRef.current = requestId;
           setIsConverting(true);
+          setConversionProgress({
+            percent: 0,
+            stage: 'uploading',
+            message: 'Uploading PDF file to server...',
+          });
 
           const formData = new FormData();
           formData.append('fileInput', file);
 
-          const response = await apiClient.post(CONVERSION_ENDPOINTS['pdf-json'], formData, {
+          console.log('Sending conversion request with async=true');
-            responseType: 'blob',
+          const response = await apiClient.post(
+            `${CONVERSION_ENDPOINTS['pdf-json']}?async=true`,
+            formData,
+            {
+              responseType: 'json',
+            },
+          );
+
+          console.log('Conversion response:', response.data);
+          const jobId = response.data.jobId;
+
+          if (!jobId) {
+            console.error('No job ID in response:', response.data);
+            throw new Error('No job ID received from server');
+          }
+
+          pendingJobId = jobId;
+          console.log('Got job ID:', jobId);
+          setConversionProgress({
+            percent: 3,
+            stage: 'processing',
+            message: 'Starting conversion...',
           });
 
-          const jsonText = await response.data.text();
+          let jobComplete = false;
-          parsed = JSON.parse(jsonText) as PdfJsonDocument;
+          let attempts = 0;
+          const maxAttempts = 600;
+
+          while (!jobComplete && attempts < maxAttempts) {
+            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
+            attempts += 1;
+
+            try {
+              const statusResponse = await apiClient.get(`/api/v1/general/job/${jobId}`);
+              const jobStatus = statusResponse.data;
+              console.log(`Job status (attempt ${attempts}):`, jobStatus);
+
+              if (jobStatus.notes && jobStatus.notes.length > 0) {
+                const lastNote = jobStatus.notes[jobStatus.notes.length - 1];
+                console.log('Latest note:', lastNote);
+                const matchWithCount = lastNote.match(
+                  /\[(\d+)%\]\s+(\w+):\s+(.+?)\s+\((\d+)\/(\d+)\)/,
+                );
+                if (matchWithCount) {
+                  const percent = parseInt(matchWithCount[1], 10);
+                  const stage = matchWithCount[2];
+                  const message = matchWithCount[3];
+                  const current = parseInt(matchWithCount[4], 10);
+                  const total = parseInt(matchWithCount[5], 10);
+                  setConversionProgress({
+                    percent,
+                    stage,
+                    message,
+                    current,
+                    total,
+                  });
+                } else {
+                  const match = lastNote.match(/\[(\d+)%\]\s+(\w+):\s+(.+)/);
+                  if (match) {
+                    const percent = parseInt(match[1], 10);
+                    const stage = match[2];
+                    const message = match[3];
+                    setConversionProgress({
+                      percent,
+                      stage,
+                      message,
+                    });
+                  }
+                }
+              } else if (jobStatus.progress !== undefined) {
+                const percent = Math.min(Math.max(jobStatus.progress, 0), 100);
+                setConversionProgress({
+                  percent,
+                  stage: jobStatus.stage || 'processing',
+                  message: jobStatus.note || 'Converting PDF to JSON...',
+                });
+              }
+
+              if (jobStatus.complete) {
+                if (jobStatus.error) {
+                  console.error('Job failed:', jobStatus.error);
+                  throw new Error(jobStatus.error);
+                }
+
+                console.log('Job completed, retrieving JSON result...');
+                jobComplete = true;
+
+                const resultResponse = await apiClient.get(
+                  `/api/v1/general/job/${jobId}/result`,
+                  {
+                    responseType: 'blob',
+                  },
+                );
+
+                const jsonText = await resultResponse.data.text();
+                const result = JSON.parse(jsonText);
+
+                if (!Array.isArray(result.pages)) {
+                  console.error('Conversion result missing page array:', result);
+                  throw new Error(
+                    'PDF conversion result did not include page data. Please update the server.',
+                  );
+                }
+
+                const docResult = result as PdfJsonDocument;
+                parsed = {
+                  ...docResult,
+                  pages: docResult.pages ?? [],
+                };
+                shouldUseLazyMode = Boolean(docResult.lazyImages);
+                pendingJobId = shouldUseLazyMode ? jobId : null;
+                setConversionProgress(null);
+              } else {
+                console.log('Job not complete yet, continuing to poll...');
+              }
+            } catch (pollError: any) {
+              console.error('Error polling job status:', pollError);
+              console.error('Poll error details:', {
+                status: pollError?.response?.status,
+                data: pollError?.response?.data,
+                message: pollError?.message,
+              });
+              if (pollError?.response?.status === 404) {
+                throw new Error('Job not found on server');
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (!jobComplete) {
+            throw new Error('Conversion timed out');
+          }
+          if (!parsed) {
+            throw new Error('Conversion did not return JSON content');
+          }
         } else {
           const content = await file.text();
-          parsed = JSON.parse(content) as PdfJsonDocument;
+          const docResult = JSON.parse(content) as PdfJsonDocument;
+          parsed = {
+            ...docResult,
+            pages: docResult.pages ?? [],
+          };
+          shouldUseLazyMode = false;
+          pendingJobId = null;
         }
 
+        setConversionProgress(null);
+
         if (loadRequestIdRef.current !== requestId) {
           return;
         }
 
+        if (!parsed) {
+          throw new Error('Failed to parse PDF JSON document');
+        }
+
+        console.log(
+          `[PdfJsonEditor] Document loaded. Lazy image mode: ${shouldUseLazyMode}, Pages: ${
+            parsed.pages?.length || 0
+          }`,
+        );
+
         setLoadedDocument(parsed);
         resetToDocument(parsed);
+        setIsLazyMode(shouldUseLazyMode);
+        setCachedJobId(shouldUseLazyMode ? pendingJobId : null);
         setFileName(file.name);
         setErrorMessage(null);
         autoLoadKeyRef.current = fileKey;
-      } catch (error) {
+      } catch (error: any) {
         console.error('Failed to load file', error);
+        console.error('Error details:', {
+          message: error?.message,
+          response: error?.response?.data,
+          stack: error?.stack,
+        });
 
         if (loadRequestIdRef.current !== requestId) {
           return;
@@ -155,15 +461,17 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
         resetToDocument(null);
 
         if (isPdf) {
-          setErrorMessage(
+          const errorMsg =
-            t('pdfJsonEditor.conversionFailed', 'Failed to convert PDF. Please try again.')
+            error?.message ||
-          );
+            t('pdfJsonEditor.conversionFailed', 'Failed to convert PDF. Please try again.');
+          setErrorMessage(errorMsg);
+          console.error('Setting error message:', errorMsg);
         } else {
           setErrorMessage(
             t(
               'pdfJsonEditor.errors.invalidJson',
-              'Unable to read the JSON file. Ensure it was generated by the PDF to JSON tool.'
+              'Unable to read the JSON file. Ensure it was generated by the PDF to JSON tool.',
-            )
+            ),
           );
         }
       } finally {
@@ -172,12 +480,16 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
         }
       }
     },
-    [resetToDocument, t]
+    [resetToDocument, t],
   );
 
   const handleSelectPage = useCallback((pageIndex: number) => {
     setSelectedPage(pageIndex);
-  }, []);
+    // Trigger lazy loading for images on the selected page
+    if (isLazyMode) {
+      void loadImagesForPage(pageIndex);
+    }
+  }, [isLazyMode, loadImagesForPage]);
 
   const handleGroupTextChange = useCallback((pageIndex: number, groupId: string, value: string) => {
     setGroupsByPage((previous) =>
@@ -195,55 +507,63 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
       imageId: string,
       next: { left: number; bottom: number; width: number; height: number; transform: number[] },
     ) => {
-      setImagesByPage((previous) =>
+      setImagesByPage((previous) => {
-        previous.map((images, idx) => {
+        const current = previous[pageIndex] ?? [];
-          if (idx !== pageIndex) {
+        let changed = false;
-            return images;
+        const updatedPage = current.map((image) => {
+          if ((image.id ?? '') !== imageId) {
+            return image;
           }
-          let changed = false;
+          const originalTransform = image.transform ?? originalImagesRef.current[pageIndex]?.find((base) => (base.id ?? '') === imageId)?.transform;
-          const updated = images.map((image) => {
+          const scaleXSign = originalTransform && originalTransform.length >= 6 ? Math.sign(originalTransform[0]) || 1 : 1;
-            if ((image.id ?? '') !== imageId) {
+          const scaleYSign = originalTransform && originalTransform.length >= 6 ? Math.sign(originalTransform[3]) || 1 : 1;
-              return image;
+          const right = next.left + next.width;
-            }
+          const top = next.bottom + next.height;
-            const originalTransform = image.transform ?? originalImagesRef.current[idx]?.find((base) => (base.id ?? '') === imageId)?.transform;
+          const updatedImage: PdfJsonImageElement = {
-            const scaleXSign = originalTransform && originalTransform.length >= 6 ? Math.sign(originalTransform[0]) || 1 : 1;
+            ...image,
-            const scaleYSign = originalTransform && originalTransform.length >= 6 ? Math.sign(originalTransform[3]) || 1 : 1;
+            x: next.left,
-            const right = next.left + next.width;
+            y: next.bottom,
-            const top = next.bottom + next.height;
+            left: next.left,
-            const updatedImage: PdfJsonImageElement = {
+            bottom: next.bottom,
-              ...image,
+            right,
-              x: next.left,
+            top,
-              y: next.bottom,
+            width: next.width,
-              left: next.left,
+            height: next.height,
-              bottom: next.bottom,
+            transform: scaleXSign < 0 || scaleYSign < 0
-              right,
+              ? [
-              top,
+                  next.width * scaleXSign,
-              width: next.width,
+                  0,
-              height: next.height,
+                  0,
-              transform: scaleXSign < 0 || scaleYSign < 0 ? [
+                  next.height * scaleYSign,
-                next.width * scaleXSign,
+                  next.left,
-                0,
+                  scaleYSign >= 0 ? next.bottom : next.bottom + next.height,
-                0,
+                ]
-                next.height * scaleYSign,
+              : null,
-                next.left,
+          };
-                scaleYSign >= 0 ? next.bottom : next.bottom + next.height,
-              ] : null,
-            };
 
-            const isSame =
+          const isSame =
-              Math.abs(valueOr(image.left, 0) - next.left) < 1e-4 &&
+            Math.abs(valueOr(image.left, 0) - next.left) < 1e-4 &&
-              Math.abs(valueOr(image.bottom, 0) - next.bottom) < 1e-4 &&
+            Math.abs(valueOr(image.bottom, 0) - next.bottom) < 1e-4 &&
-              Math.abs(valueOr(image.width, 0) - next.width) < 1e-4 &&
+            Math.abs(valueOr(image.width, 0) - next.width) < 1e-4 &&
-              Math.abs(valueOr(image.height, 0) - next.height) < 1e-4;
+            Math.abs(valueOr(image.height, 0) - next.height) < 1e-4;
 
-            if (!isSame) {
+          if (!isSame) {
-              changed = true;
+            changed = true;
-            }
+          }
-            return updatedImage;
+          return updatedImage;
-          });
+        });
-          return changed ? updated : images;
+
-        }),
+        if (!changed) {
-      );
+          return previous;
+        }
+
+        const nextImages = previous.map((images, idx) => (idx === pageIndex ? updatedPage : images));
+        if (imagesByPageRef.current.length <= pageIndex) {
+          imagesByPageRef.current.length = pageIndex + 1;
+        }
+        imagesByPageRef.current[pageIndex] = updatedPage.map(cloneImageElement);
+        return nextImages;
+      });
     },
     [],
   );
@@ -253,14 +573,28 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
     if (!baseline) {
       return;
     }
-    setImagesByPage((previous) =>
+    setImagesByPage((previous) => {
-      previous.map((images, idx) => {
+      const current = previous[pageIndex] ?? [];
-        if (idx !== pageIndex) {
+      let changed = false;
-          return images;
+      const updatedPage = current.map((image) => {
+        if ((image.id ?? '') !== imageId) {
+          return image;
         }
-        return images.map((image) => ((image.id ?? '') === imageId ? cloneImageElement(baseline) : image));
+        changed = true;
-      }),
+        return cloneImageElement(baseline);
-    );
+      });
+
+      if (!changed) {
+        return previous;
+      }
+
+      const nextImages = previous.map((images, idx) => (idx === pageIndex ? updatedPage : images));
+      if (imagesByPageRef.current.length <= pageIndex) {
+        imagesByPageRef.current.length = pageIndex + 1;
+      }
+      imagesByPageRef.current[pageIndex] = updatedPage.map(cloneImageElement);
+      return nextImages;
+    });
   }, []);
 
   const handleResetEdits = useCallback(() => {
@@ -279,7 +613,7 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
     const updatedDocument = restoreGlyphElements(
       loadedDocument,
       groupsByPage,
-      imagesByPage,
+      imagesByPageRef.current,
       originalImagesRef.current,
     );
     const baseName = sanitizeBaseName(fileName || loadedDocument.metadata?.title || undefined);
@@ -287,7 +621,7 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
       document: updatedDocument,
       filename: `${baseName}.json`,
     };
-  }, [fileName, groupsByPage, imagesByPage, loadedDocument]);
+  }, [fileName, groupsByPage, loadedDocument]);
 
   const handleDownloadJson = useCallback(() => {
     const payload = buildPayload();
@@ -306,20 +640,129 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
   }, [buildPayload, onComplete]);
 
   const handleGeneratePdf = useCallback(async () => {
-    const payload = buildPayload();
-    if (!payload) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const { document, filename } = payload;
-    const serialized = JSON.stringify(document, null, 2);
-    const jsonFile = new File([serialized], filename, { type: 'application/json' });
-
-    const formData = new FormData();
-    formData.append('fileInput', jsonFile);
-
     try {
       setIsGeneratingPdf(true);
+
+      const ensureImagesForPages = async (pageIndices: number[]) => {
+        const uniqueIndices = Array.from(new Set(pageIndices)).filter((index) => index >= 0);
+        if (uniqueIndices.length === 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        for (const index of uniqueIndices) {
+          if (!loadedImagePagesRef.current.has(index)) {
+            await loadImagesForPage(index);
+          }
+        }
+
+        const maxWaitTime = 15000;
+        const pollInterval = 150;
+        const startWait = Date.now();
+        while (Date.now() - startWait < maxWaitTime) {
+          const allLoaded = uniqueIndices.every(
+            (index) =>
+              loadedImagePagesRef.current.has(index) &&
+              imagesByPageRef.current[index] !== undefined,
+          );
+          const anyLoading = uniqueIndices.some((index) =>
+            loadingImagePagesRef.current.has(index),
+          );
+          if (allLoaded && !anyLoading) {
+            return;
+          }
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, pollInterval));
+        }
+
+        const missing = uniqueIndices.filter(
+          (index) => !loadedImagePagesRef.current.has(index),
+        );
+        if (missing.length > 0) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Failed to load images for pages ${missing.map((i) => i + 1).join(', ')}`,
+          );
+        }
+      };
+
+      const currentDoc = loadedDocumentRef.current;
+      const totalPages = currentDoc?.pages?.length ?? 0;
+      const dirtyPageIndices = dirtyPages
+        .map((isDirty, index) => (isDirty ? index : -1))
+        .filter((index) => index >= 0);
+
+      const canUseIncremental =
+        isLazyMode &&
+        cachedJobId &&
+        dirtyPageIndices.length > 0 &&
+        dirtyPageIndices.length < totalPages;
+
+      if (canUseIncremental) {
+        await ensureImagesForPages(dirtyPageIndices);
+
+        try {
+          const payload = buildPayload();
+          if (!payload) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const { document, filename } = payload;
+          const dirtyPageSet = new Set(dirtyPageIndices);
+          const partialPages =
+            document.pages?.filter((_, index) => dirtyPageSet.has(index)) ?? [];
+
+          const partialDocument: PdfJsonDocument = {
+            metadata: document.metadata,
+            xmpMetadata: document.xmpMetadata,
+            fonts: document.fonts,
+            lazyImages: true,
+            pages: partialPages,
+          };
+
+          const baseName = sanitizeBaseName(filename).replace(/-edited$/u, '');
+          const expectedName = `${baseName || 'document'}.pdf`;
+          const response = await apiClient.post(
+            `/api/v1/convert/pdf/json/partial/${cachedJobId}?filename=${encodeURIComponent(expectedName)}`,
+            partialDocument,
+            {
+              responseType: 'blob',
+            },
+          );
+
+          const contentDisposition = response.headers?.['content-disposition'] ?? '';
+          const detectedName = getFilenameFromHeaders(contentDisposition);
+          const downloadName = detectedName || expectedName;
+
+          downloadBlob(response.data, downloadName);
+
+          if (onComplete) {
+            const pdfFile = new File([response.data], downloadName, { type: 'application/pdf' });
+            onComplete([pdfFile]);
+          }
+          setErrorMessage(null);
+          return;
+        } catch (incrementalError) {
+          console.warn(
+            '[handleGeneratePdf] Incremental export failed, falling back to full export',
+            incrementalError,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (isLazyMode && totalPages > 0) {
+        const allPageIndices = Array.from({ length: totalPages }, (_, index) => index);
+        await ensureImagesForPages(allPageIndices);
+      }
+
+      const payload = buildPayload();
+      if (!payload) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const { document, filename } = payload;
+      const serialized = JSON.stringify(document, null, 2);
+      const jsonFile = new File([serialized], filename, { type: 'application/json' });
+
+      const formData = new FormData();
+      formData.append('fileInput', jsonFile);
       const response = await apiClient.post(CONVERSION_ENDPOINTS['json-pdf'], formData, {
         responseType: 'blob',
       });
@@ -350,7 +793,16 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
     } finally {
       setIsGeneratingPdf(false);
     }
-  }, [buildPayload, onComplete, onError, t]);
+  }, [
+    buildPayload,
+    cachedJobId,
+    dirtyPages,
+    isLazyMode,
+    loadImagesForPage,
+    onComplete,
+    onError,
+    t,
+  ]);
 
   const viewData = useMemo<PdfJsonEditorViewData>(() => ({
     document: loadedDocument,
@@ -363,6 +815,7 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
     errorMessage,
     isGeneratingPdf,
     isConverting,
+    conversionProgress,
     hasChanges,
     onLoadJson: handleLoadFile,
     onSelectPage: handleSelectPage,
@@ -390,6 +843,7 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
     hasDocument,
     isGeneratingPdf,
     isConverting,
+    conversionProgress,
     loadedDocument,
     selectedPage,
   ]);
@@ -397,6 +851,13 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
   const latestViewDataRef = useRef<PdfJsonEditorViewData>(viewData);
   latestViewDataRef.current = viewData;
 
+  // Trigger initial image loading in lazy mode
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isLazyMode && loadedDocument) {
+      void loadImagesForPage(selectedPage);
+    }
+  }, [isLazyMode, loadedDocument, selectedPage, loadImagesForPage]);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (selectedFiles.length === 0) {
       autoLoadKeyRef.current = null;
@@ -433,11 +894,20 @@ const PdfJsonEditor = ({ onComplete, onError }: BaseToolProps) => {
     setCustomWorkbenchViewData(VIEW_ID, latestViewDataRef.current);
 
     return () => {
+      // Clear backend cache if we were using lazy loading
+      if (cachedJobId) {
+        console.log(`[PdfJsonEditor] Cleaning up cached document for jobId: ${cachedJobId}`);
+        apiClient.post(`/api/v1/convert/pdf/json/clear-cache/${cachedJobId}`).catch((error) => {
+          console.warn('[PdfJsonEditor] Failed to clear cache:', error);
+        });
+      }
+
       clearCustomWorkbenchViewData(VIEW_ID);
       unregisterCustomWorkbenchView(VIEW_ID);
       setLeftPanelView('toolPicker');
     };
   }, [
+    cachedJobId,
     clearCustomWorkbenchViewData,
     registerCustomWorkbenchView,
     setCustomWorkbenchViewData,

frontend/src/proprietary/tools/pdfJsonEditor/pdfJsonEditorTypes.ts

@@ -122,6 +122,23 @@ export interface PdfJsonDocument {
   xmpMetadata?: string | null;
   fonts?: PdfJsonFont[] | null;
   pages?: PdfJsonPage[] | null;
+  lazyImages?: boolean | null;
+}
+
+export interface PdfJsonPageDimension {
+  pageNumber?: number | null;
+  width?: number | null;
+  height?: number | null;
+  rotation?: number | null;
+}
+
+export interface PdfJsonDocumentMetadata {
+  metadata?: PdfJsonMetadata | null;
+  xmpMetadata?: string | null;
+  fonts?: PdfJsonFont[] | null;
+  pageDimensions?: PdfJsonPageDimension[] | null;
+  formFields?: unknown[] | null;
+  lazyImages?: boolean | null;
 }
 
 export interface BoundingBox {
@@ -153,6 +170,14 @@ export interface TextGroup {
 export const DEFAULT_PAGE_WIDTH = 612;
 export const DEFAULT_PAGE_HEIGHT = 792;
 
+export interface ConversionProgress {
+  percent: number;
+  stage: string;
+  message: string;
+  current?: number;
+  total?: number;
+}
+
 export interface PdfJsonEditorViewData {
   document: PdfJsonDocument | null;
   groupsByPage: TextGroup[][];
@@ -164,6 +189,7 @@ export interface PdfJsonEditorViewData {
   errorMessage: string | null;
   isGeneratingPdf: boolean;
   isConverting: boolean;
+  conversionProgress: ConversionProgress | null;
   hasChanges: boolean;
   onLoadJson: (file: File | null) => Promise<void> | void;
   onSelectPage: (pageIndex: number) => void;

frontend/vite.config.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
     }),
   ],
   server: {
+    host: true,
     proxy: {
       '/api': {
         target: 'http://localhost:8080',