Stirling-PDF/scripts/translations

Translation Management Scripts

This directory contains Python scripts for managing frontend translations in Stirling PDF. These tools help analyze, merge, validate, and manage translations against the en-GB golden truth file.

Current Format: TOML

Stirling PDF uses TOML format for translations in frontend/public/locales/{lang}/translation.toml.

All scripts now support TOML format!

Quick Start - Automated Translation (RECOMMENDED)

The fastest and easiest way to translate a language is using the automated pipeline:

# Set your OpenAI API key
export OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key_here

# Translate a language automatically (extract → translate → merge → beautify → verify)
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES

# With custom batch size (default: 500 entries per batch)
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --batch-size 600

# Keep temporary files for inspection
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --no-cleanup

What it does:

1. Extracts untranslated entries from the language file
2. Splits into batches (default 500 entries each)
3. Translates each batch using GPT-5 with specialized prompts
4. Validates placeholders are preserved
5. Merges translated batches
6. Applies translations to language file
7. Beautifies structure to match en-GB
8. Cleans up temporary files
9. Reports final completion percentage

Time: ~8-10 minutes per language with 1200+ untranslated entries

Cost: ~$2-4 per language using GPT-5 (or use gpt-5-mini for lower cost)

See auto_translate.py for full details.

---

Scripts Overview

0. Validation Scripts (Run First!)

json_validator.py

Validates JSON syntax in translation files with detailed error reporting.

Usage:

# Validate single file
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py ar_AR_batch_1_of_3.json

# Validate all batches for a language
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR

# Validate pattern with wildcards
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py "ar_AR_batch_*.json"

# Brief output (no context)
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR --brief

# Only show files with errors
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR --quiet

Features:

• Validates JSON syntax with detailed error messages
• Shows exact line, column, and character position of errors
• Displays context around errors for easy fixing
• Suggests common fixes based on error type
• Detects unescaped quotes and backslashes
• Reports entry counts for valid files
• Exit code 1 if any files invalid (good for CI/CD)

Common Issues Detected:

• Unescaped quotes inside strings: "text with "quotes"" → "text with \"quotes\""
• Invalid backslash escapes: \d{4} → \\d{4}
• Missing commas between entries
• Trailing commas before closing braces

validate_placeholders.py

Validates that translation files have correct placeholders matching en-GB (source of truth).

Usage:

# Validate all languages
python scripts/translations/validate_placeholders.py

# Validate specific language
python scripts/translations/validate_placeholders.py --language es-ES

# Show detailed text samples
python scripts/translations/validate_placeholders.py --verbose

# Output as JSON
python scripts/translations/validate_placeholders.py --json

Features:

• Detects missing placeholders (e.g., {n}, {total}, {filename})
• Detects extra placeholders not in en-GB
• Shows exact keys and text where issues occur
• Exit code 1 if issues found (good for CI/CD)

validate_json_structure.py

Validates JSON structure and key consistency with en-GB.

Usage:

# Validate all languages
python scripts/translations/validate_json_structure.py

# Validate specific language
python scripts/translations/validate_json_structure.py --language de-DE

# Show all missing/extra keys
python scripts/translations/validate_json_structure.py --verbose

# Output as JSON
python scripts/translations/validate_json_structure.py --json

Features:

• Validates JSON syntax
• Detects missing keys (not translated yet)
• Detects extra keys (not in en-GB, should be removed)
• Reports key counts and structure differences
• Exit code 1 if issues found (good for CI/CD)

1. translation_analyzer.py

Analyzes translation files to find missing translations, untranslated entries, and provides completion statistics.

Usage:

# Analyze all languages
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py

# Analyze specific language
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language fr-FR

# Show only missing translations
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --missing-only

# Show only untranslated entries
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --untranslated-only

# Show summary only
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --summary

# JSON output format
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --format json

Features:

• Finds missing translation keys
• Identifies untranslated entries (identical to en-GB and [UNTRANSLATED] markers)
• Shows accurate completion percentages using ignore patterns
• Identifies extra keys not in en-GB
• Supports JSON and text output formats
• Uses scripts/ignore_translation.toml for language-specific exclusions

2. translation_merger.py

Merges missing translations from en-GB into target language files and manages translation workflows.

Usage:

# Operate on all locales (except en-GB) when language is omitted
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py add-missing

# Add missing translations from en-GB to French
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR add-missing

# Create backups before modifying files
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR add-missing --backup

# Extract untranslated entries to a file
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR extract-untranslated --output fr_untranslated.json

# Create a template for AI translation
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR create-template --output fr_template.json

# Apply translations from a file
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR apply-translations --translations-file fr_translated.json

# Override default paths if needed
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR add-missing --locales-dir ./frontend/public/locales --ignore-file ./scripts/ignore_translation.toml

# Remove unused translations not present in en-GB
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR remove-unused

Features:

• Adds missing keys from en-GB (copies English text directly)
• Runs across all locales for add-missing/remove-unused when language is omitted
• Extracts untranslated entries for external translation
• Creates structured templates for AI translation
• Applies translated content back to language files (template format or plain JSON)
• Supports --backup on mutating commands
• Automatic backup creation
• Removes unused translations not present in en-GB

3. ai_translation_helper.py

Specialized tool for AI-assisted translation workflows with batch processing and validation.

Usage:

# Create batch file for AI translation (multiple languages)
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py create-batch --languages fr-FR de-DE es-ES --output batch.json --max-entries 50

# Validate AI translations
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py validate batch.json

# Apply validated AI translations
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py apply-batch batch.json

# Export for external translation services
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py export --languages fr-FR de-DE --format csv

Features:

• Creates batch files for AI translation of multiple languages
• Prioritizes important translation keys
• Validates translations for placeholders and artifacts
• Applies batch translations with validation
• Exports to CSV/JSON for external translation services

4. compact_translator.py

Extracts untranslated entries in minimal JSON format for character-limited AI services.

Usage:

# Extract all untranslated entries
python scripts/translations/compact_translator.py it-IT --output to_translate.json

Features:

• Produces minimal JSON output with no extra whitespace
• Automatic ignore patterns for cleaner output
• Batch size control for manageable chunks
• 50-80% fewer characters than other extraction methods

5. auto_translate.py - Automated Translation Pipeline

NEW: Fully automated translation workflow using GPT-5.

Combines all translation steps into a single command that handles everything from extraction to verification.

Usage:

# Basic usage (requires OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable)
export OPENAI_API_KEY=your_api_key
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES

# With inline API key
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --api-key YOUR_KEY

# Custom batch size (default: 500 entries)
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --batch-size 600

# Custom timeout per batch (default: 600 seconds / 10 minutes)
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --timeout 900

# Keep temporary files for debugging
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --no-cleanup

# Skip final verification
python3 scripts/translations/auto_translate.py es-ES --skip-verification

Features:

• Fully automated end-to-end translation pipeline
• Uses GPT-5 with specialized prompts for Stirling PDF
• Preserves all placeholders ({n}, {{variable}}, etc.)
• Maintains consistent terminology
• Validates translations automatically
• Creates backups before modifying files
• Reports detailed progress and final completion %

Pipeline Steps:

1. Extract: Finds all untranslated entries
2. Split: Divides into manageable batches (default: 500 entries)
3. Translate: Uses GPT-5 to translate each batch with specialized prompts
4. Validate: Ensures placeholders are preserved
5. Merge: Combines all translated batches
6. Apply: Updates the language file
7. Beautify: Restructures to match en-GB format
8. Cleanup: Removes temporary files
9. Verify: Reports final completion percentage

Translation Quality:

• Preserves ALL placeholders exactly as-is
• Keeps HTML tags intact (,
  , etc.)
• Doesn't translate technical terms (PDF, API, OAuth2, etc.)
• Maintains consistent terminology throughout
• Uses appropriate formal/informal tone per language

Supported Languages: All language codes from frontend/public/locales/ (e.g., es-ES, de-DE, fr-FR, zh-CN, ar-AR, etc.)

6. batch_translator.py - GPT-5 Translation Engine

Low-level translation script used by auto_translate.py. Can be used standalone for manual batch translation.

Usage:

# Translate single batch file
python3 scripts/translations/batch_translator.py my_batch.json --language es-ES --api-key YOUR_KEY

# Translate multiple batches
python3 scripts/translations/batch_translator.py batch_*.json --language de-DE --api-key YOUR_KEY

# Use different GPT model
python3 scripts/translations/batch_translator.py batch.json --language fr-FR --model gpt-5-mini

# Skip validation
python3 scripts/translations/batch_translator.py batch.json --language it-IT --skip-validation

Features:

• Translates JSON batch files using OpenAI GPT-5
• Specialized system prompts for Stirling PDF translations
• Automatic placeholder validation
• Supports pattern matching for multiple files
• Configurable model selection (gpt-5, gpt-5-mini, gpt-5-nano)
• Rate limiting with configurable delays

Models:

• gpt-5 (default): Best quality, $1.25/1M input, $10/1M output
• gpt-5-mini: Balanced quality/cost
• gpt-5-nano: Fastest, most economical

7. json_beautifier.py

Restructures and beautifies translation JSON files to match en-GB structure exactly.

Usage:

# Restructure single language to match en-GB structure
python scripts/translations/json_beautifier.py --language de-DE

# Restructure all languages
python scripts/translations/json_beautifier.py --all-languages

# Validate structure without modifying files
python scripts/translations/json_beautifier.py --language de-DE --validate-only

# Skip backup creation
python scripts/translations/json_beautifier.py --language de-DE --no-backup

Features:

• Restructures JSON to match en-GB nested structure exactly
• Preserves key ordering for line-by-line comparison
• Creates automatic backups before modification
• Validates structure and key ordering
• Handles flattened dot-notation keys (e.g., "key.subkey") properly

Translation Workflows

Method 1: Compact Translation Workflow (RECOMMENDED for AI)

Best for character-limited AI services like Claude or ChatGPT

Step 1: Check Current Status

python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language it-IT --summary

Step 2: Extract Untranslated Entries

# For small files (< 1200 entries)
python scripts/translations/compact_translator.py it-IT --output to_translate.json

# For large files, split into batches
python scripts/translations/compact_translator.py it-IT --output it_IT_batch --batch-size 400
# Creates: it_IT_batch_1_of_N.json, it_IT_batch_2_of_N.json, etc.

Step 2.5: Validate JSON (if using batches)

# After AI translates the batches, validate them before merging
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches it_IT

# Fix any errors reported (common issues: unescaped quotes, backslashes)

Output format: Compact JSON with minimal whitespace

{"key1":"English text","key2":"Another text","key3":"More text"}

Step 3: AI Translation

1. Copy the compact JSON output
2. Give it to your AI with instructions:

   Translate this JSON to Italian. Keep the same structure, translate only the values.
   Preserve placeholders like {n}, {total}, {filename}, {{variable}}.
   

3. Save the AI's response as translated.json

Step 4: Apply Translations

python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py it-IT apply-translations --translations-file translated.json

Step 5: Verify Results

python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language it-IT --summary

Method 2: Batch Translation Workflow

For complete language translation from scratch or major updates

Step 1: Analyze Current State

python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language de-DE --summary

Step 2: Create Translation Batches

# Create batches of 100 entries each for systematic translation
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py create-batch --languages de-DE --output de_batch_1.json --max-entries 100

Step 3: Translate Batch with AI

Edit the batch file and fill in ALL translated fields:

• Preserve all placeholders like {n}, {total}, {filename}, {{toolName}}
• Keep technical terms consistent
• Maintain JSON structure exactly
• Consider context provided for each entry

Step 4: Apply Translations

# Skip validation if using legitimate placeholders ({{variable}})
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py apply-batch de_batch_1.json --skip-validation

Step 5: Check Progress and Continue

python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language de-DE --summary

Repeat steps 2-5 until 100% complete.

Method 3: Quick Translation Workflow (Legacy)

For small updates or existing translations

Step 1: Add Missing Translations

python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR add-missing

Step 2: Create AI Template

python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR create-template --output fr_template.json

Step 3: Apply Translations

python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py fr-FR apply-translations --translations-file fr_translated.json

Translation File Structure

Translation files are located in frontend/public/locales/{language}/translation.toml with TOML structure:

[addPageNumbers]
title = "Add Page Numbers"

[addPageNumbers.selectText]
"1" = "Select PDF file:"
"2" = "Margin Size"

Keys use dot notation internally (e.g., addPageNumbers.selectText.1).

Key Features

Placeholder Preservation

All scripts preserve placeholders like {n}, {total}, {filename} in translations:

"customNumberDesc": "Defaults to {n}, also accepts 'Page {n} of {total}'"

Automatic Backups

Scripts create timestamped backups before modifying files:

translation.backup.20241201_143022.toml

Context-Aware Translation

Scripts provide context information to help with accurate translations:

{
  "addPageNumbers.title": {
    "original": "Add Page Numbers",
    "context": "Feature for adding page numbers to PDFs"
  }
}

Priority-Based Translation

Important keys (title, submit, error messages) are prioritized when limiting translation batch sizes.

Ignore Patterns System

The scripts/ignore_translation.toml file defines keys that should be ignored for each language, improving completion accuracy.

Common ignore patterns:

• language.direction: Text direction (ltr/rtl) - universal
• lang.*: Language code entries not relevant to specific locales
• pipeline.title, home.devApi.title: Technical terms kept in English
• Specific technical IDs, version numbers, and system identifiers

Format:

[de_DE]
ignore = [
    'language.direction',
    'pipeline.title',
    'lang.afr',
    'lang.ceb',
    # ... more patterns
]

Best Practices & Lessons Learned

Critical Rules for Translation

1. NEVER skip entries: Translate ALL entries in each batch to ensure completeness
2. Use appropriate batch sizes: 100 entries for systematic translation, unlimited for compact method
3. Skip validation for placeholders: Use --skip-validation when batch contains {{variable}} patterns
4. Check progress between batches: Use --summary flag to track completion percentage
5. Preserve all placeholders: Keep {n}, {total}, {filename}, {{toolName}} exactly as-is

Workflow Comparison

Method	Best For	Character Usage	Complexity	Speed
Compact	AI services	Minimal (50-80% less)	Simple	Fastest
Batch	Systematic translation	Moderate	Medium	Medium
Quick	Small updates	High	Low	Slow

Common Issues and Solutions

JSON Syntax Errors in AI Translations

Problem: AI-translated batch files have JSON syntax errors Symptoms:

• JSONDecodeError: Expecting ',' delimiter
• JSONDecodeError: Invalid \escape

Solution:

# 1. Validate all batches to find errors
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR

# 2. Check detailed error with context
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py ar_AR_batch_2_of_3.json

# 3. Fix the reported issues:
#    - Unescaped quotes: "text with "quotes"" → "text with \"quotes\""
#    - Backslashes in regex: "\d{4}" → "\\d{4}"
#    - Missing commas between entries

# 4. Validate again until all pass
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR

Common fixes:

• Arabic/RTL text with embedded quotes: Always escape with backslash
• Regex patterns: Double all backslashes (\d → \\d)
• Check for missing/extra commas at line reported in error

Validation False Positives

Problem: Validator flags legitimate {{variable}} placeholders as artifacts Solution: Use --skip-validation flag when applying batches with template variables

JSON Structure Mismatches

Problem: Flattened dot-notation keys instead of proper nested objects Solution: Use json_beautifier.py to restructure files to match en-GB exactly

Real-World Examples

Complete Arabic Translation with Validation (Batch Method)

# Check status
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language ar-AR --summary
# Result: 50% complete, 1088 missing

# Extract in batches due to AI token limits
python scripts/translations/compact_translator.py ar-AR --output ar_AR_batch --batch-size 400
# Created: ar_AR_batch_1_of_3.json (400 entries)
#          ar_AR_batch_2_of_3.json (400 entries)
#          ar_AR_batch_3_of_3.json (288 entries)

# [Send each batch to AI for translation]

# Validate translated batches before merging
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR
# Found errors in batch 1 and 2:
#   - Line 263: Unescaped quotes in "انقر "إضافة ملفات""
#   - Line 132: Unescaped quotes in "أو "and""
#   - Line 213: Invalid escape "\d{4}"

# Fix errors manually or with sed, then validate again
python scripts/translations/json_validator.py --all-batches ar_AR
# All valid!

# Merge all batches
python3 << 'EOF'
import json
merged = {}
for i in range(1, 4):
    with open(f'ar_AR_batch_{i}_of_3.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        merged.update(json.load(f))
with open('ar_AR_merged.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(merged, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
EOF

# Apply merged translations
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py ar-AR apply-translations --translations-file ar_AR_merged.json
# Result: Applied 1088 translations

# Beautify to match en-GB structure
python scripts/translations/json_beautifier.py --language ar-AR

# Check final progress
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language ar-AR --summary
# Result: 98.7% complete, 9 missing, 20 untranslated

Complete Italian Translation (Compact Method)

# Check status
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language it-IT --summary
# Result: 46.8% complete, 1147 missing

# Extract all entries for translation
python scripts/translations/compact_translator.py it-IT --output batch1.json

# [Translate batch1.json with AI, save as batch1_translated.json]

# Apply translations
python scripts/translations/translation_merger.py it-IT apply-translations --translations-file batch1_translated.json
# Result: Applied 1147 translations

# Check progress
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language it-IT --summary
# Result: 100% complete, 0 missing

German Translation (Batch Method)

Starting from 46.3% completion, reaching 60.3% with batch method:

# Initial analysis
python scripts/translations/translation_analyzer.py --language de-DE --summary
# Result: 46.3% complete, 1142 missing entries

# Batch 1 (100 entries)
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py create-batch --languages de-DE --output de_batch_1.json --max-entries 100
# [Translate all 100 entries in batch file]
python scripts/translations/ai_translation_helper.py apply-batch de_batch_1.json --skip-validation
# Progress: 46.6% → 51.2%

# Continue with more batches until 100% complete

Error Handling

• Missing Files: Scripts create new files when language directories don't exist
• Invalid JSON: Clear error messages with line numbers
• Placeholder Mismatches: Validation warnings for missing or extra placeholders
• Legacy [UNTRANSLATED] Markers: Detected and stripped for backwards compatibility
• Backup Failures: Graceful handling with user notification

Integration with Development

These scripts integrate with the existing translation system:

• Works with the current frontend/public/locales/ structure
• Compatible with the i18n system used in the React frontend
• Respects the JSON format expected by the translation loader
• Maintains the nested structure required by the UI components

Language-Specific Notes

German Translation Notes

• Technical terms: Use German equivalents (PDF → PDF, API → API)
• UI actions: "hochladen" (upload), "herunterladen" (download), "speichern" (save)
• Error messages: Consistent pattern "Ein Fehler ist beim [action] aufgetreten"
• Formal address: Use "Sie" form for user-facing text

Italian Translation Notes

• Keep technical terms in English when commonly used (PDF, API, URL)
• Use formal address ("Lei" form) for user-facing text
• Error messages: "Si è verificato un errore durante [action]"
• UI actions: "carica" (upload), "scarica" (download), "salva" (save)

Common Use Cases

1. Complete Language Translation: Use Compact Workflow for fastest AI-assisted translation
2. New Language Addition: Start with compact workflow for comprehensive coverage
3. Updating Existing Language: Use analyzer to find gaps, then compact or batch method
4. Quality Assurance: Use analyzer with --summary for completion metrics and issue detection
5. External Translation Services: Use export functionality to generate CSV files for translators
6. Structure Maintenance: Use json_beautifier to keep files aligned with en-GB structure