diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 4c9576821..31d6f2e84 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
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@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
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@@ -613,49 +882,46 @@
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+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
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@@ -691,6 +957,18 @@
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@@ -724,6 +1002,27 @@
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         "node": ">=8"
       }
@@ -4724,16 +5417,16 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/sinon": {
-      "version": "17.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sinon/-/sinon-17.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wmwE19Lie0MLT+ZYNpDymasPHUKTaZHUH/pKEubRXIzySv9Atnlw+BUMGCzWgV7b7wO+Hw6f1TEOr0IUnmU8/g==",
+      "version": "21.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sinon/-/sinon-21.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TOgRcwFPbfGtpqvZw+hyqJDvqfapr1qUlOizROIk4bBLjlsjlB00Pg6wMFXNtJRpu+eCZuVOaLatG7M8105kAw==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@sinonjs/commons": "^3.0.0",
-        "@sinonjs/fake-timers": "^11.2.2",
-        "@sinonjs/samsam": "^8.0.0",
-        "diff": "^5.1.0",
-        "nise": "^5.1.5",
+        "@sinonjs/commons": "^3.0.1",
+        "@sinonjs/fake-timers": "^13.0.5",
+        "@sinonjs/samsam": "^8.0.1",
+        "diff": "^7.0.0",
         "supports-color": "^7.2.0"
       },
       "funding": {
@@ -4741,20 +5434,12 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/sinon"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/sinon/node_modules/@sinonjs/fake-timers": {
-      "version": "11.2.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@sinonjs/fake-timers/-/fake-timers-11.2.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-G2piCSxQ7oWOxwGSAyFHfPIsyeJGXYtc6mFbnFA+kRXkiEnTl8c/8jul2S329iFBnDI9HGoeWWAZvuvOkZccgw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@sinonjs/commons": "^3.0.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/sinon/node_modules/diff": {
-      "version": "5.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/diff/-/diff-5.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-D+mk+qE8VC/PAUrlAU34N+VfXev0ghe5ywmpqrawphmVZc1bEfn56uo9qpyGp1p4xpzOHkSW4ztBd6L7Xx4ACw==",
+      "version": "7.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/diff/-/diff-7.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PJWHUb1RFevKCwaFA9RlG5tCd+FO5iRh9A8HEtkmBH2Li03iJriB6m6JIN4rGz3K3JLawI7/veA1xzRKP6ISBw==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.3.1"
       }
@@ -5059,7 +5744,6 @@
       "version": "3.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-json-comments/-/strip-json-comments-3.1.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-6fPc+R4ihwqP6N/aIv2f1gMH8lOVtWQHoqC4yK6oSDVVocumAsfCqjkXnqiYMhmMwS/mEHLp7Vehlt3ql6lEig==",
-      "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       },
@@ -5209,6 +5893,18 @@
         "node": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/type-check": {
+      "version": "0.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/type-check/-/type-check-0.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XleUoc9uwGXqjWwXaUTZAmzMcFZ5858QA2vvx1Ur5xIcixXIP+8LnFDgRplU30us6teqdlskFfu+ae4K79Ooew==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "prelude-ls": "^1.2.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/type-detect": {
       "version": "4.0.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/type-detect/-/type-detect-4.0.8.tgz",
@@ -5321,6 +6017,15 @@
         "browserslist": ">= 4.21.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/uri-js": {
+      "version": "4.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uri-js/-/uri-js-4.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7rKUyy33Q1yc98pQ1DAmLtwX109F7TIfWlW1Ydo8Wl1ii1SeHieeh0HHfPeL2fMXK6z0s8ecKs9frCuLJvndBg==",
+      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "punycode": "^2.1.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/util-deprecate": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/util-deprecate/-/util-deprecate-1.0.2.tgz",
@@ -5362,7 +6067,6 @@
       "version": "2.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-BLI3Tl1TW3Pvl70l3yq3Y64i+awpwXqsGBYWkkqMtnbXgrMD+yj7rhW0kuEDxzJaYXGjEW5ogapKNMEKNMjibA==",
-      "devOptional": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "isexe": "^2.0.0"
       },
@@ -5396,6 +6100,15 @@
         "@types/node": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/word-wrap": {
+      "version": "1.2.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/word-wrap/-/word-wrap-1.2.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BN22B5eaMMI9UMtjrGd5g5eCYPpCPDUy0FJXbYsaT5zYxjFOckS53SQDE3pWkVoWpHXVb3BrYcEN4Twa55B5cA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/workerpool": {
       "version": "6.2.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/workerpool/-/workerpool-6.2.1.tgz",
@@ -5580,7 +6293,6 @@
       "version": "0.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==",
-      "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=10"
       },
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 0d7ede593..2bebe409a 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
     "mocha": "^10.2.0",
     "nodemon": "^2.0.20",
     "nyc": "^15.1.0",
-    "sinon": "^17.0.1"
+    "sinon": "^21.0.0",
+    "rewire": "^9.0.0"
   }
 }
diff --git a/server/managers/LogManager.js b/server/managers/LogManager.js
index 8946e8bf5..d93fcef36 100644
--- a/server/managers/LogManager.js
+++ b/server/managers/LogManager.js
@@ -169,10 +169,10 @@ class LogManager {
   /**
    * Most recent 5000 daily logs
    *
-   * @returns {string}
+   * @returns {LogObject[]}
    */
   getMostRecentCurrentDailyLogs() {
-    return this.currentDailyLog?.logs.slice(-5000) || ''
+    return this.currentDailyLog?.logs.slice(-5000) || []
   }
 }
 module.exports = LogManager
diff --git a/server/models/LibraryItem.js b/server/models/LibraryItem.js
index 16a521615..5a538ebc5 100644
--- a/server/models/LibraryItem.js
+++ b/server/models/LibraryItem.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const Podcast = require('./Podcast')
 /**
  * @typedef LibraryFileObject
  * @property {string} ino
+ * @property {string} deviceId
  * @property {boolean} isSupplementary
  * @property {number} addedAt
  * @property {number} updatedAt
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ class LibraryItem extends Model {
     /** @type {string} */
     this.ino
     /** @type {string} */
+    this.deviceId
+    /** @type {string} */
     this.path
     /** @type {string} */
     this.relPath
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ class LibraryItem extends Model {
    * @param {import('sequelize').WhereOptions} where
    * @param {import('sequelize').BindOrReplacements} [replacements]
    * @param {import('sequelize').IncludeOptions} [include]
-   * @returns {Promise<LibraryItemExpanded>}
+   * @returns {Promise<LibraryItemExpanded | null>}
    */
   static async findOneExpanded(where, replacements = null, include = null) {
     const libraryItem = await this.findOne({
@@ -289,7 +292,7 @@ class LibraryItem extends Model {
    * @param {import('./Library')} library
    * @param {import('./User')} user
    * @param {object} options
-   * @returns {{ libraryItems:Object[], count:number }}
+   * @returns {Promise<{ libraryItems:Object[], count:number }>}
    */
   static async getByFilterAndSort(library, user, options) {
     let start = Date.now()
@@ -670,6 +673,7 @@ class LibraryItem extends Model {
           primaryKey: true
         },
         ino: DataTypes.STRING,
+        deviceId: DataTypes.STRING,
         path: DataTypes.STRING,
         relPath: DataTypes.STRING,
         mediaId: DataTypes.UUID,
diff --git a/server/objects/Task.js b/server/objects/Task.js
index e6fb39636..b146b7bfd 100644
--- a/server/objects/Task.js
+++ b/server/objects/Task.js
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class Task {
   /**
    * Set task as finished
    *
-   * @param {TaskString} [newDescriptionString] update description
+   * @param {TaskString | null} [newDescriptionString] update description
    * @param {boolean} [clearDescription] clear description
    */
   setFinished(newDescriptionString = null, clearDescription = false) {
diff --git a/server/objects/files/AudioFile.js b/server/objects/files/AudioFile.js
index c0c425ba3..17e4ffcb7 100644
--- a/server/objects/files/AudioFile.js
+++ b/server/objects/files/AudioFile.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ class AudioFile {
   constructor(data) {
     this.index = null
     this.ino = null
+    this.deviceId = null
     /** @type {FileMetadata} */
     this.metadata = null
     this.addedAt = null
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class AudioFile {
     return {
       index: this.index,
       ino: this.ino,
+      deviceId: this.deviceId,
       metadata: this.metadata.toJSON(),
       addedAt: this.addedAt,
       updatedAt: this.updatedAt,
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ class AudioFile {
   construct(data) {
     this.index = data.index
     this.ino = data.ino
+    this.deviceId = data.dev
     this.metadata = new FileMetadata(data.metadata || {})
     this.addedAt = data.addedAt
     this.updatedAt = data.updatedAt
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ class AudioFile {
   // New scanner creates AudioFile from AudioFileScanner
   setDataFromProbe(libraryFile, probeData) {
     this.ino = libraryFile.ino || null
+    this.deviceId = libraryFile.deviceId || null
 
     if (libraryFile.metadata instanceof FileMetadata) {
       this.metadata = libraryFile.metadata.clone()
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ class AudioFile {
 
   syncChapters(updatedChapters) {
     if (this.chapters.length !== updatedChapters.length) {
-      this.chapters = updatedChapters.map(ch => ({ ...ch }))
+      this.chapters = updatedChapters.map((ch) => ({ ...ch }))
       return true
     } else if (updatedChapters.length === 0) {
       if (this.chapters.length > 0) {
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ class AudioFile {
       }
     }
     if (hasUpdates) {
-      this.chapters = updatedChapters.map(ch => ({ ...ch }))
+      this.chapters = updatedChapters.map((ch) => ({ ...ch }))
     }
     return hasUpdates
   }
@@ -164,8 +168,8 @@ class AudioFile {
   }
 
   /**
-   * 
-   * @param {AudioFile} scannedAudioFile 
+   *
+   * @param {AudioFile} scannedAudioFile
    * @returns {boolean} true if updates were made
    */
   updateFromScan(scannedAudioFile) {
@@ -196,4 +200,4 @@ class AudioFile {
     return hasUpdated
   }
 }
-module.exports = AudioFile
\ No newline at end of file
+module.exports = AudioFile
diff --git a/server/objects/files/EBookFile.js b/server/objects/files/EBookFile.js
index ae40dc884..37138bb5b 100644
--- a/server/objects/files/EBookFile.js
+++ b/server/objects/files/EBookFile.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const FileMetadata = require('../metadata/FileMetadata')
 class EBookFile {
   constructor(file) {
     this.ino = null
+    this.deviceId = null
     this.metadata = null
     this.ebookFormat = null
     this.addedAt = null
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ class EBookFile {
 
   construct(file) {
     this.ino = file.ino
+    this.deviceId = file.dev
     this.metadata = new FileMetadata(file.metadata)
     this.ebookFormat = file.ebookFormat || this.metadata.format
     this.addedAt = file.addedAt
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ class EBookFile {
   toJSON() {
     return {
       ino: this.ino,
+      deviceId: this.deviceId,
       metadata: this.metadata.toJSON(),
       ebookFormat: this.ebookFormat,
       addedAt: this.addedAt,
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ class EBookFile {
 
   setData(libraryFile) {
     this.ino = libraryFile.ino
+    this.deviceId = libraryFile.deviceId
     this.metadata = libraryFile.metadata.clone()
     this.ebookFormat = libraryFile.metadata.format
     this.addedAt = Date.now()
@@ -58,4 +62,4 @@ class EBookFile {
     return hasUpdated
   }
 }
-module.exports = EBookFile
\ No newline at end of file
+module.exports = EBookFile
diff --git a/server/objects/files/LibraryFile.js b/server/objects/files/LibraryFile.js
index 8669e3876..946f31516 100644
--- a/server/objects/files/LibraryFile.js
+++ b/server/objects/files/LibraryFile.js
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 const Path = require('path')
-const { getFileTimestampsWithIno, filePathToPOSIX } = require('../../utils/fileUtils')
+const fileUtils = require('../../utils/fileUtils')
 const globals = require('../../utils/globals')
 const FileMetadata = require('../metadata/FileMetadata')
 
 class LibraryFile {
   constructor(file) {
     this.ino = null
+    this.deviceId = null
     this.metadata = null
     this.isSupplementary = null
     this.addedAt = null
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ class LibraryFile {
 
   construct(file) {
     this.ino = file.ino
+    this.deviceId = file.deviceId
     this.metadata = new FileMetadata(file.metadata)
     this.isSupplementary = file.isSupplementary === undefined ? null : file.isSupplementary
     this.addedAt = file.addedAt
@@ -27,7 +29,8 @@ class LibraryFile {
   toJSON() {
     return {
       ino: this.ino,
-      metadata: this.metadata.toJSON(),
+      deviceId: this.deviceId,
+      metadata: this.metadata ? this.metadata.toJSON() : null,
       isSupplementary: this.isSupplementary,
       addedAt: this.addedAt,
       updatedAt: this.updatedAt,
@@ -40,11 +43,13 @@ class LibraryFile {
   }
 
   get fileType() {
-    if (globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'image'
-    if (globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'audio'
-    if (globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'ebook'
-    if (globals.TextFileTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'text'
-    if (globals.MetadataFileTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'metadata'
+    if (this.metadata) {
+      if (globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'image'
+      if (globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'audio'
+      if (globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'ebook'
+      if (globals.TextFileTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'text'
+      if (globals.MetadataFileTypes.includes(this.metadata.format)) return 'metadata'
+    }
     return 'unknown'
   }
 
@@ -61,14 +66,15 @@ class LibraryFile {
   }
 
   async setDataFromPath(path, relPath) {
-    var fileTsData = await getFileTimestampsWithIno(path)
+    var fileTsData = await fileUtils.getFileTimestampsWithIno(path)
     var fileMetadata = new FileMetadata()
     fileMetadata.setData(fileTsData)
     fileMetadata.filename = Path.basename(relPath)
-    fileMetadata.path = filePathToPOSIX(path)
-    fileMetadata.relPath = filePathToPOSIX(relPath)
+    fileMetadata.path = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(path)
+    fileMetadata.relPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(relPath)
     fileMetadata.ext = Path.extname(relPath)
     this.ino = fileTsData.ino
+    this.deviceId = fileTsData.dev
     this.metadata = fileMetadata
     this.addedAt = Date.now()
     this.updatedAt = Date.now()
diff --git a/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData.js b/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData.js
index d5a4a7a29..2778495ca 100644
--- a/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData.js
+++ b/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData.js
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
     this.mediaType = data.mediaType
     /** @type {string} */
     this.ino = data.ino
+    /** @type {string} */
+    this.deviceId = data.dev
     /** @type {number} */
     this.mtimeMs = data.mtimeMs
     /** @type {number} */
@@ -54,9 +56,10 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
    */
   get libraryItemObject() {
     let size = 0
-    this.libraryFiles.forEach((lf) => size += (!isNaN(lf.metadata.size) ? Number(lf.metadata.size) : 0))
+    this.libraryFiles.forEach((lf) => (size += !isNaN(lf.metadata.size) ? Number(lf.metadata.size) : 0))
     return {
       ino: this.ino,
+      deviceId: this.deviceId,
       path: this.path,
       relPath: this.relPath,
       mediaType: this.mediaType,
@@ -80,107 +83,107 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
 
   /** @type {boolean} */
   get hasAudioFileChanges() {
-    return (this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.length + this.audioLibraryFilesAdded.length + this.audioLibraryFilesModified.length) > 0
+    return this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.length + this.audioLibraryFilesAdded.length + this.audioLibraryFilesModified.length > 0
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryFileModifiedObject[]} */
   get audioLibraryFilesModified() {
-    return this.libraryFilesModified.filter(lf => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.old.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesModified.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.old.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get audioLibraryFilesRemoved() {
-    return this.libraryFilesRemoved.filter(lf => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesRemoved.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get audioLibraryFilesAdded() {
-    return this.libraryFilesAdded.filter(lf => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesAdded.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get audioLibraryFiles() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.filter(lf => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFiles.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedAudioTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryFileModifiedObject[]} */
   get imageLibraryFilesModified() {
-    return this.libraryFilesModified.filter(lf => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.old.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesModified.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.old.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get imageLibraryFilesRemoved() {
-    return this.libraryFilesRemoved.filter(lf => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesRemoved.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get imageLibraryFilesAdded() {
-    return this.libraryFilesAdded.filter(lf => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesAdded.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get imageLibraryFiles() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.filter(lf => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFiles.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedImageTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryFileModifiedObject[]} */
   get ebookLibraryFilesModified() {
-    return this.libraryFilesModified.filter(lf => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.old.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesModified.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.old.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get ebookLibraryFilesRemoved() {
-    return this.libraryFilesRemoved.filter(lf => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesRemoved.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get ebookLibraryFilesAdded() {
-    return this.libraryFilesAdded.filter(lf => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFilesAdded.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject[]} */
   get ebookLibraryFiles() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.filter(lf => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
+    return this.libraryFiles.filter((lf) => globals.SupportedEbookTypes.includes(lf.metadata.ext?.slice(1).toLowerCase() || ''))
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} */
   get descTxtLibraryFile() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.filename === 'desc.txt')
+    return this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.filename === 'desc.txt')
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} */
   get readerTxtLibraryFile() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.filename === 'reader.txt')
+    return this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.filename === 'reader.txt')
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} */
   get metadataAbsLibraryFile() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.filename === 'metadata.abs')
+    return this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.filename === 'metadata.abs')
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} */
   get metadataJsonLibraryFile() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.filename === 'metadata.json')
+    return this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.filename === 'metadata.json')
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} */
   get metadataOpfLibraryFile() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.ext.toLowerCase() === '.opf')
+    return this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.ext.toLowerCase() === '.opf')
   }
 
   /** @type {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} */
   get metadataNfoLibraryFile() {
-    return this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.ext.toLowerCase() === '.nfo')
+    return this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.ext.toLowerCase() === '.nfo')
   }
 
   /**
-   * 
-   * @param {LibraryItem} existingLibraryItem 
+   *
+   * @param {LibraryItem} existingLibraryItem
    * @param {import('./LibraryScan')} libraryScan
    * @returns {boolean} true if changes found
    */
   async checkLibraryItemData(existingLibraryItem, libraryScan) {
-    const keysToCompare = ['libraryFolderId', 'ino', 'path', 'relPath', 'isFile']
+    const keysToCompare = ['libraryFolderId', 'ino', 'deviceId', 'path', 'relPath', 'isFile']
     this.hasChanges = false
     this.hasPathChange = false
     for (const key of keysToCompare) {
@@ -219,28 +222,29 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
 
     this.libraryFilesRemoved = []
     this.libraryFilesModified = []
-    let libraryFilesAdded = this.libraryFiles.map(lf => lf)
+    let libraryFilesAdded = this.libraryFiles.map((lf) => lf)
 
     for (const existingLibraryFile of existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles) {
       // Find matching library file using path first and fallback to using inode value
-      let matchingLibraryFile = this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.metadata.path === existingLibraryFile.metadata.path)
+      let matchingLibraryFile = this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.metadata.path === existingLibraryFile.metadata.path)
       if (!matchingLibraryFile) {
-        matchingLibraryFile = this.libraryFiles.find(lf => lf.ino === existingLibraryFile.ino)
+        matchingLibraryFile = this.libraryFiles.find((lf) => lf.ino === existingLibraryFile.ino)
         if (matchingLibraryFile) {
           libraryScan.addLog(LogLevel.INFO, `Library file with path "${existingLibraryFile.metadata.path}" not found, but found file with matching inode value "${existingLibraryFile.ino}" at path "${matchingLibraryFile.metadata.path}"`)
         }
       }
 
-      if (!matchingLibraryFile) { // Library file removed
+      if (!matchingLibraryFile) {
+        // Library file removed
         libraryScan.addLog(LogLevel.INFO, `Library file "${existingLibraryFile.metadata.path}" was removed from library item "${existingLibraryItem.relPath}"`)
         this.libraryFilesRemoved.push(existingLibraryFile)
-        existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles = existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles.filter(lf => lf !== existingLibraryFile)
+        existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles = existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles.filter((lf) => lf !== existingLibraryFile)
         this.hasChanges = true
       } else {
-        libraryFilesAdded = libraryFilesAdded.filter(lf => lf !== matchingLibraryFile)
+        libraryFilesAdded = libraryFilesAdded.filter((lf) => lf !== matchingLibraryFile)
         let existingLibraryFileBefore = structuredClone(existingLibraryFile)
         if (this.compareUpdateLibraryFile(existingLibraryItem.path, existingLibraryFile, matchingLibraryFile, libraryScan)) {
-          this.libraryFilesModified.push({old: existingLibraryFileBefore, new: existingLibraryFile})
+          this.libraryFilesModified.push({ old: existingLibraryFileBefore, new: existingLibraryFile })
           this.hasChanges = true
         }
       }
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
 
     if (this.hasChanges) {
       existingLibraryItem.size = 0
-      existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles.forEach((lf) => existingLibraryItem.size += lf.metadata.size)
+      existingLibraryItem.libraryFiles.forEach((lf) => (existingLibraryItem.size += lf.metadata.size))
 
       existingLibraryItem.lastScan = Date.now()
       existingLibraryItem.lastScanVersion = packageJson.version
@@ -283,16 +287,17 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
   /**
    * Update existing library file with scanned in library file data
    * @param {string} libraryItemPath
-   * @param {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} existingLibraryFile 
-   * @param {import('../objects/files/LibraryFile')} scannedLibraryFile 
+   * @param {LibraryItem.LibraryFileObject} existingLibraryFile
+   * @param {import('../objects/files/LibraryFile')} scannedLibraryFile
    * @param {import('./LibraryScan')} libraryScan
    * @returns {boolean} false if no changes
    */
   compareUpdateLibraryFile(libraryItemPath, existingLibraryFile, scannedLibraryFile, libraryScan) {
     let hasChanges = false
 
-    if (existingLibraryFile.ino !== scannedLibraryFile.ino) {
+    if (existingLibraryFile.ino !== scannedLibraryFile.ino && existingLibraryFile.deviceId !== scannedLibraryFile.deviceId) {
       existingLibraryFile.ino = scannedLibraryFile.ino
+      existingLibraryFile.deviceId = scannedLibraryFile.deviceId
       hasChanges = true
     }
 
@@ -317,38 +322,38 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
 
   /**
    * Check if existing audio file on Book was removed
-   * @param {import('../models/Book').AudioFileObject} existingAudioFile 
+   * @param {import('../models/Book').AudioFileObject} existingAudioFile
    * @returns {boolean} true if audio file was removed
    */
   checkAudioFileRemoved(existingAudioFile) {
     if (!this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.length) return false
     // First check exact path
-    if (this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.some(af => af.metadata.path === existingAudioFile.metadata.path)) {
+    if (this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.some((af) => af.metadata.path === existingAudioFile.metadata.path)) {
       return true
     }
     // Fallback to check inode value
-    return this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.some(af => af.ino === existingAudioFile.ino)
+    return this.audioLibraryFilesRemoved.some((af) => af.ino === existingAudioFile.ino)
   }
 
   /**
    * Check if existing ebook file on Book was removed
-   * @param {import('../models/Book').EBookFileObject} ebookFile 
+   * @param {import('../models/Book').EBookFileObject} ebookFile
    * @returns {boolean} true if ebook file was removed
    */
   checkEbookFileRemoved(ebookFile) {
     if (!this.ebookLibraryFiles.length) return true
 
-    if (this.ebookLibraryFiles.some(lf => lf.metadata.path === ebookFile.metadata.path)) {
+    if (this.ebookLibraryFiles.some((lf) => lf.metadata.path === ebookFile.metadata.path)) {
       return false
     }
 
-    return !this.ebookLibraryFiles.some(lf => lf.ino === ebookFile.ino)
+    return !this.ebookLibraryFiles.some((lf) => lf.ino === ebookFile.ino)
   }
 
   /**
    * Set data parsed from filenames
-   * 
-   * @param {Object} bookMetadata 
+   *
+   * @param {Object} bookMetadata
    */
   setBookMetadataFromFilenames(bookMetadata) {
     const keysToMap = ['title', 'subtitle', 'publishedYear', 'asin']
@@ -374,4 +379,4 @@ class LibraryItemScanData {
     }
   }
 }
-module.exports = LibraryItemScanData
\ No newline at end of file
+module.exports = LibraryItemScanData
diff --git a/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.js b/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.js
index 501df4274..4d55b4301 100644
--- a/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.js
+++ b/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.js
@@ -139,26 +139,15 @@ class LibraryItemScanner {
       const newLibraryFile = new LibraryFile()
       // fileItem.path is the relative path
       await newLibraryFile.setDataFromPath(fileItem.fullpath, fileItem.path)
+      // TODO: BUGBUG - this is pushing the object, not a JSON string of the object like elsewhere
       libraryFiles.push(newLibraryFile)
     }
 
-    const libraryItemStats = await fileUtils.getFileTimestampsWithIno(libraryItemData.path)
-    return new LibraryItemScanData({
-      libraryFolderId: folder.id,
-      libraryId: library.id,
-      mediaType: library.mediaType,
-      ino: libraryItemStats.ino,
-      mtimeMs: libraryItemStats.mtimeMs || 0,
-      ctimeMs: libraryItemStats.ctimeMs || 0,
-      birthtimeMs: libraryItemStats.birthtimeMs || 0,
-      path: libraryItemData.path,
-      relPath: libraryItemData.relPath,
-      isFile: isSingleMediaItem,
-      mediaMetadata: libraryItemData.mediaMetadata || null,
-      libraryFiles
-    })
+    return await buildLibraryItemScanData(libraryItemData, folder, library, isSingleMediaItem, libraryFiles)
   }
 
+  async setDataFromPath(path) {}
+
   /**
    *
    * @param {import('../models/LibraryItem')} existingLibraryItem
@@ -219,3 +208,22 @@ class LibraryItemScanner {
   }
 }
 module.exports = new LibraryItemScanner()
+
+async function buildLibraryItemScanData(libraryItemData, folder, library, isSingleMediaItem, libraryFiles) {
+  const libraryItemStats = await fileUtils.getFileTimestampsWithIno(libraryItemData.path)
+  return new LibraryItemScanData({
+    libraryFolderId: folder.id,
+    libraryId: library.id,
+    mediaType: library.mediaType,
+    ino: libraryItemStats.ino,
+    deviceId: libraryItemStats.dev,
+    mtimeMs: libraryItemStats.mtimeMs || 0,
+    ctimeMs: libraryItemStats.ctimeMs || 0,
+    birthtimeMs: libraryItemStats.birthtimeMs || 0,
+    path: libraryItemData.path,
+    relPath: libraryItemData.relPath,
+    isFile: isSingleMediaItem,
+    mediaMetadata: libraryItemData.mediaMetadata || null,
+    libraryFiles
+  })
+}
diff --git a/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.js b/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.js
index 640c82d76..58bce0f8b 100644
--- a/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.js
+++ b/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.js
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class LibraryScanner {
    * Get scan data for library folder
    * @param {import('../models/Library')} library
    * @param {import('../models/LibraryFolder')} folder
-   * @returns {LibraryItemScanData[]}
+   * @returns {Promise<LibraryItemScanData[]>}
    */
   async scanFolder(library, folder) {
     const folderPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(folder.path)
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ class LibraryScanner {
           libraryId: folder.libraryId,
           mediaType: library.mediaType,
           ino: libraryItemFolderStats.ino,
+          deviceId: libraryItemFolderStats.dev,
           mtimeMs: libraryItemFolderStats.mtimeMs || 0,
           ctimeMs: libraryItemFolderStats.ctimeMs || 0,
           birthtimeMs: libraryItemFolderStats.birthtimeMs || 0,
@@ -642,12 +643,25 @@ class LibraryScanner {
 }
 module.exports = new LibraryScanner()
 
+/**
+ * @param {import("../models/LibraryItem") | LibraryItemScanData} libraryItem1
+ * @param {import("../models/LibraryItem") | LibraryItemScanData} libraryItem2
+ */
 function ItemToFileInoMatch(libraryItem1, libraryItem2) {
-  return libraryItem1.isFile && libraryItem2.libraryFiles.some((lf) => lf.ino === libraryItem1.ino)
+  return (
+    libraryItem1.isFile &&
+    libraryItem2.libraryFiles.some((lf) => {
+      return lf.ino === libraryItem1.ino && lf.deviceId === libraryItem1.deviceId
+    })
+  )
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {LibraryItemScanData} libraryItem1
+ * @param {import("../models/LibraryItem")} libraryItem2
+ */
 function ItemToItemInoMatch(libraryItem1, libraryItem2) {
-  return libraryItem1.ino === libraryItem2.ino
+  return libraryItem1.ino === libraryItem2.ino && libraryItem1.deviceId === libraryItem2.deviceId
 }
 
 function hasAudioFiles(fileUpdateGroup, itemDir) {
@@ -658,54 +672,85 @@ function isSingleMediaFile(fileUpdateGroup, itemDir) {
   return itemDir === fileUpdateGroup[itemDir]
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {UUIDV4} libraryId
+ * @param {string} fullPath
+ * @returns {Promise<import('../models/LibraryItem').LibraryItemExpanded | null>} library item that matches
+ */
 async function findLibraryItemByItemToItemInoMatch(libraryId, fullPath) {
   const ino = await fileUtils.getIno(fullPath)
+  const deviceId = await fileUtils.getDeviceId(fullPath)
   if (!ino) return null
   const existingLibraryItem = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
     libraryId: libraryId,
-    ino: ino
+    ino: ino,
+    deviceId: deviceId
   })
   if (existingLibraryItem) Logger.debug(`[LibraryScanner] Found library item with matching inode "${ino}" at path "${existingLibraryItem.path}"`)
   return existingLibraryItem
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {UUIDV4} libraryId
+ * @param {string} fullPath
+ * @param {boolean} isSingleMedia
+ * @returns {Promise<import('../models/LibraryItem').LibraryItemExpanded | null>} library item that matches
+ */
 async function findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch(libraryId, fullPath, isSingleMedia) {
   if (!isSingleMedia) return null
   // check if it was moved from another folder by comparing the ino to the library files
   const ino = await fileUtils.getIno(fullPath)
+  const deviceId = await fileUtils.getDeviceId(fullPath)
   if (!ino) return null
   const existingLibraryItem = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded(
     [
       {
         libraryId: libraryId
       },
-      sequelize.where(sequelize.literal('(SELECT count(*) FROM json_each(libraryFiles) WHERE json_valid(json_each.value) AND json_each.value->>"$.ino" = :inode)'), {
+      sequelize.where(sequelize.literal('(SELECT count(*) FROM json_each(libraryFiles) WHERE json_valid(json_each.value) AND json_each.value->>"$.ino" = :inode AND json_each.value->>"$.deviceId" = :deviceId)'), {
         [sequelize.Op.gt]: 0
       })
     ],
     {
-      inode: ino
+      inode: ino,
+      deviceId: deviceId
     }
   )
   if (existingLibraryItem) Logger.debug(`[LibraryScanner] Found library item with a library file matching inode "${ino}" at path "${existingLibraryItem.path}"`)
   return existingLibraryItem
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {UUIDV4} libraryId
+ * @param {string} fullPath
+ * @param {boolean} isSingleMedia
+ * @param {string[]} itemFiles
+ * @returns {Promise<import('../models/LibraryItem').LibraryItemExpanded | null>} library item that matches
+ */
 async function findLibraryItemByFileToItemInoMatch(libraryId, fullPath, isSingleMedia, itemFiles) {
   if (isSingleMedia) return null
-  // check if it was moved from the root folder by comparing the ino to the ino of the scanned files
+  // check if it was moved from the root folder by comparing the ino and deviceId to the ino and deviceId of the scanned files
   let itemFileInos = []
   for (const itemFile of itemFiles) {
     const ino = await fileUtils.getIno(Path.posix.join(fullPath, itemFile))
-    if (ino) itemFileInos.push(ino)
+    const deviceId = await fileUtils.getDeviceId(Path.posix.join(fullPath, itemFile))
+    if (ino && deviceId) itemFileInos.push({ ino: ino, deviceId: deviceId })
   }
   if (!itemFileInos.length) return null
-  const existingLibraryItem = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
-    libraryId: libraryId,
-    ino: {
-      [sequelize.Op.in]: itemFileInos
+  /** @type {import('../models/LibraryItem').LibraryItemExpanded | null} */
+  let existingLibraryItem = null
+  for (let item in itemFileInos) {
+    existingLibraryItem = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: libraryId,
+      ino: {
+        [sequelize.Op.in]: itemFileInos
+      }
+    })
+    if (existingLibraryItem) {
+      break
     }
-  })
+  }
+
   if (existingLibraryItem) Logger.debug(`[LibraryScanner] Found library item with inode matching one of "${itemFileInos.join(',')}" at path "${existingLibraryItem.path}"`)
   return existingLibraryItem
 }
diff --git a/server/utils/fileUtils.js b/server/utils/fileUtils.js
index 2da6b4c91..d542e8cb1 100644
--- a/server/utils/fileUtils.js
+++ b/server/utils/fileUtils.js
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ function getFileStat(path) {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {Promise<object | null>}
+ */
 async function getFileTimestampsWithIno(path) {
   try {
     var stat = await fs.stat(path, { bigint: true })
@@ -55,11 +59,12 @@ async function getFileTimestampsWithIno(path) {
       mtimeMs: Number(stat.mtimeMs),
       ctimeMs: Number(stat.ctimeMs),
       birthtimeMs: Number(stat.birthtimeMs),
-      ino: String(stat.ino)
+      ino: String(stat.ino),
+      deviceId: String(stat.dev)
     }
   } catch (err) {
     Logger.error(`[fileUtils] Failed to getFileTimestampsWithIno for path "${path}"`, err)
-    return false
+    return null
   }
 }
 module.exports.getFileTimestampsWithIno = getFileTimestampsWithIno
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ module.exports.getFileMTimeMs = async (path) => {
 /**
  *
  * @param {string} filepath
- * @returns {boolean}
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>} isFile
  */
 async function checkPathIsFile(filepath) {
   try {
@@ -104,6 +109,10 @@ async function checkPathIsFile(filepath) {
 }
 module.exports.checkPathIsFile = checkPathIsFile
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {string | null} inode
+ */
 function getIno(path) {
   return fs
     .stat(path, { bigint: true })
@@ -115,10 +124,25 @@ function getIno(path) {
 }
 module.exports.getIno = getIno
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {Promise<string | null>} deviceId
+ */
+async function getDeviceId(path) {
+  try {
+    var data = await fs.stat(path)
+    return String(data.dev)
+  } catch (error) {
+    Logger.error(`[Utils] Failed to get device Id for path "${path}": ${error}`)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+module.exports.getDeviceId = getDeviceId
+
 /**
  * Read contents of file
  * @param {string} path
- * @returns {string}
+ * @returns {Promise<string>} file contents
  */
 async function readTextFile(path) {
   try {
@@ -135,7 +159,7 @@ module.exports.readTextFile = readTextFile
  * Check if file or directory should be ignored. Returns a string of the reason to ignore, or null if not ignored
  *
  * @param {string} path
- * @returns {string}
+ * @returns {string | null} reason to ignore
  */
 module.exports.shouldIgnoreFile = (path) => {
   // Check if directory or file name starts with "."
@@ -178,8 +202,8 @@ module.exports.shouldIgnoreFile = (path) => {
 /**
  * Get array of files inside dir
  * @param {string} path
- * @param {string} [relPathToReplace]
- * @returns {FilePathItem[]}
+ * @param {string | null} [relPathToReplace]
+ * @returns {Promise<FilePathItem[]>}
  */
 module.exports.recurseFiles = async (path, relPathToReplace = null) => {
   path = filePathToPOSIX(path)
@@ -292,7 +316,7 @@ module.exports.getFilePathItemFromFileUpdate = (fileUpdate) => {
  *
  * @param {string} url
  * @param {string} filepath path to download the file to
- * @param {Function} [contentTypeFilter] validate content type before writing
+ * @param {Function | null} [contentTypeFilter] validate content type before writing
  * @returns {Promise}
  */
 module.exports.downloadFile = (url, filepath, contentTypeFilter = null) => {
diff --git a/test/server/objects/LibraryItemScanData.test.js b/test/server/objects/LibraryItemScanData.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6322ef7db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/server/objects/LibraryItemScanData.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// TODO - need to check
+// compareUpdateLibraryFile
+// checkEbookFileRemoved
+// checkAudioFileRemoved
+// libraryItemObject()
+/*
+new LibraryItemScanData({
+    libraryFolderId: folder.id,
+    libraryId: library.id,
+    mediaType: library.mediaType,
+    ino: libraryItemStats.ino,
+    deviceId: libraryItemStats.dev,
+    mtimeMs: libraryItemStats.mtimeMs || 0,
+    ctimeMs: libraryItemStats.ctimeMs || 0,
+    birthtimeMs: libraryItemStats.birthtimeMs || 0,
+    path: libraryItemData.path,
+    relPath: libraryItemData.relPath,
+    isFile: isSingleMediaItem,
+    mediaMetadata: libraryItemData.mediaMetadata || null,
+    libraryFiles
+  })
+
+*/
diff --git a/test/server/objects/SimilarLibraryFileObjects.test.js b/test/server/objects/SimilarLibraryFileObjects.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa10465cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/server/objects/SimilarLibraryFileObjects.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+const LibraryFile = require('../../../server/objects/files/LibraryFile')
+const EBookFile = require('../../../server/objects/files/EBookFile')
+const AudioFile = require('../../../server/objects/files/AudioFile')
+const LibraryItem = require('../../../server/models/LibraryItem')
+const LibraryItemScanData = require('../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData')
+
+// TODO: all of these duplicate each other. Need to verify that deviceId is set on each when constructing. And that deviceId is populated when using toJSON()
+
+// TODO: check that any libraryFiles properties set to JSON contain a LibraryFile which has a deviceId property
diff --git a/test/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.test.js b/test/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28c370b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/server/scanner/LibraryItemScanner.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// TODO: test buildLibraryItemScanData
diff --git a/test/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.test.js b/test/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06b7203a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/server/scanner/LibraryScanner.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+const chai = require('chai')
+const expect = chai.expect
+const sinon = require('sinon')
+const rewire = require('rewire')
+const fileUtils = require('../../../server/utils/fileUtils')
+const Database = require('../../../server/Database')
+const { Sequelize } = require('sequelize')
+const LibraryFile = require('../../../server/objects/files/LibraryFile')
+const LibraryItem = require('../../../server/models/LibraryItem')
+const FileMetadata = require('../../../server/objects/metadata/FileMetadata')
+const Path = require('path')
+
+describe('LibraryScanner', () => {
+  let getInoStub, getDeviceIdStub, getFileTimestampsWithInoStub, LibraryScanner, testLibrary
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    getInoStub = sinon.stub(fileUtils, 'getIno')
+    getInoStub.callsFake((path) => {
+      const normalizedPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(path).replace(/\/$/, '')
+      const stats = getMockFileInfo().get(normalizedPath)
+      if (stats) {
+        return stats.ino
+      } else {
+        return null
+      }
+    })
+
+    getDeviceIdStub = sinon.stub(fileUtils, 'getDeviceId')
+    getDeviceIdStub.callsFake(async (path) => {
+      const normalizedPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(path).replace(/\/$/, '')
+      const stats = getMockFileInfo().get(normalizedPath)
+      if (stats) {
+        return stats.dev
+      } else {
+        return null
+      }
+    })
+
+    getFileTimestampsWithInoStub = sinon.stub(fileUtils, 'getFileTimestampsWithIno')
+    getFileTimestampsWithInoStub.callsFake(async (path) => {
+      const normalizedPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(path).replace(/\/$/, '')
+      const stats = getMockFileInfo().get(normalizedPath)
+      if (stats) {
+        return stats
+      } else {
+        return null
+      }
+    })
+
+    LibraryScanner = rewire('../../../server/scanner/LibraryScanner')
+  })
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sinon.restore()
+  })
+
+  it('findsByInodeAndDeviceId', async function () {
+    // this.timeout(50000) // Note: don't use arrow function or timeout for debugging doesn't work
+    let findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch')
+    let fullPath = '/test/file.pdf'
+
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    const fileInfo = mockFileInfo.get(fullPath)
+
+    /** @type {Promise<import('../../../server/models/LibraryItem') | null>} */
+    const result = await findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch(testLibrary.id, fullPath, true)
+    expect(result).to.not.be.null
+    expect(result.libraryFiles[0].metadata.path).to.equal(fullPath)
+    expect(result.libraryFiles[0].deviceId).to.equal(fileInfo.dev)
+  })
+
+  it('findsTheCorrectItemByInodeAndDeviceIdWhenThereAreDuplicateInodes', async () => {
+    let findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch')
+    let fullPath = '/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf'
+
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    const fileInfo = mockFileInfo.get(fullPath)
+
+    /** @type {Promise<import('../../../server/models/LibraryItem') | null>} */
+    const result = await findLibraryItemByItemToFileInoMatch(testLibrary.id, fullPath, true)
+    expect(result).to.not.be.null
+    expect(result.libraryFiles[0].metadata.path).to.equal(fullPath)
+    expect(result.libraryFiles[0].deviceId).to.equal(fileInfo.dev)
+  })
+
+  it('findLibraryItemByItemToItemInoMatch', async function () {
+    this.timeout(0)
+    // findLibraryItemByItemToItemInoMatch(libraryId, fullPath)
+    // findLibraryItemByFileToItemInoMatch(libraryId, fullPath, isSingleMedia, itemFiles)
+    let findLibraryItemByItemToItemInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('findLibraryItemByItemToItemInoMatch')
+
+    let fullPath = '/test/file.pdf'
+
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    const fileInfo = mockFileInfo.get(fullPath)
+
+    /** @type {Promise<import('../../../server/models/LibraryItem') | null>} */
+    const result = await findLibraryItemByItemToItemInoMatch(testLibrary.id, fullPath)
+    expect(result).to.not.be.null
+    expect(result.libraryFiles[0].metadata.path).to.equal(fullPath)
+    expect(result.libraryFiles[0].deviceId).to.equal(fileInfo.dev)
+  })
+
+  // ItemToFileInoMatch
+  it('ItemToFileInoMatch-ItemMatchesSelf', async function () {
+    this.timeout(0)
+    /**
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem1
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem2
+     */
+    let ItemToFileInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('ItemToFileInoMatch')
+
+    // this compares the inode from the first library item to the second library item's library file inode
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    const fileInfo = mockFileInfo.get('/test/file.pdf')
+
+    let item1 = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      // @ts-ignore
+      ino: fileInfo.ino
+    })
+
+    expect(ItemToFileInoMatch(item1, item1)).to.be.true
+  })
+
+  it('ItemToFileInoMatch-TwoItemsWithSameInoButDifferentDeviceShouldNotMatch', async function () {
+    this.timeout(0)
+    /**
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem1
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem2
+     */
+    let ItemToFileInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('ItemToFileInoMatch')
+
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    // this compares the inode from the first library item to the second library item's library file inode
+    const item1 = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      path: '/test/file.pdf'
+    })
+
+    const item2 = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      path: '/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf'
+    })
+
+    expect(item1.path).to.not.equal(item2.path)
+
+    expect(ItemToFileInoMatch(item1, item2)).to.be.false
+  })
+
+  it('ItemToFileInoMatch-RenamedFileShouldMatch', async function () {
+    this.timeout(0)
+    /**
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem1
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem2
+     */
+    let ItemToFileInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('ItemToFileInoMatch')
+
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    // this compares the inode from the first library item to the second library item's library file inode
+    const original = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      path: '/test/file.pdf'
+    })
+
+    const renamedMockFileInfo = getRenamedMockFileInfo().get('/test/file-renamed.pdf')
+    const renamedFile = new LibraryFile()
+    var fileMetadata = new FileMetadata()
+    fileMetadata.setData(renamedMockFileInfo)
+    fileMetadata.filename = Path.basename(renamedMockFileInfo.path)
+    fileMetadata.path = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(renamedMockFileInfo.path)
+    fileMetadata.relPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(renamedMockFileInfo.path)
+    fileMetadata.ext = Path.extname(renamedMockFileInfo.path)
+    renamedFile.ino = renamedMockFileInfo.ino
+    renamedFile.deviceId = renamedMockFileInfo.dev
+    renamedFile.metadata = fileMetadata
+    renamedFile.addedAt = Date.now()
+    renamedFile.updatedAt = Date.now()
+    renamedFile.metadata = fileMetadata
+
+    const renamedItem = new LibraryItem(buildBookLibraryItemParams(renamedFile, null, testLibrary.id, null))
+
+    expect(ItemToFileInoMatch(original, renamedItem)).to.be.true
+  })
+
+  // ItemToItemInoMatch
+  it('ItemToItemInoMatch-ItemMatchesSelf', async function () {
+    this.timeout(0)
+    /**
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem1
+     * @param {import("../../../server/models/LibraryItem") | import("../../../server/scanner/LibraryItemScanData")} libraryItem2
+     */
+    let ItemToItemInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('ItemToItemInoMatch')
+
+    // this compares the inode from the first library item to the second library item's library file inode
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    const fileInfo = mockFileInfo.get('/test/file.pdf')
+
+    let item1 = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      // @ts-ignore
+      ino: fileInfo.ino
+    })
+
+    expect(ItemToItemInoMatch(item1, item1)).to.be.true
+  })
+
+  it('ItemToItemInoMatch-TwoItemsWithSameInoButDifferentDeviceShouldNotMatch', async () => {
+    let ItemToItemInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('ItemToItemInoMatch')
+
+    let mockFileInfo = getMockFileInfo()
+    testLibrary = await loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo)
+
+    // this compares the inode from the first library item to the second library item's library file inode
+    const item1 = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      path: '/test/file.pdf'
+    })
+
+    const item2 = await Database.libraryItemModel.findOneExpanded({
+      libraryId: testLibrary.id,
+      path: '/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf'
+    })
+
+    expect(item1.path).to.not.equal(item2.path)
+
+    expect(ItemToItemInoMatch(item1, item2)).to.be.false
+  })
+
+  it('ItemToItemInoMatch-RenamedFileShouldMatch', () => {
+    let ItemToItemInoMatch = LibraryScanner.__get__('ItemToItemInoMatch')
+  })
+})
+
+async function loadTestDatabase(mockFileInfo) {
+  let libraryItem1Id, libraryItem2Id
+
+  let fileInfo = mockFileInfo || getMockFileInfo()
+  let bookLibraryFiles = fileInfo.keys().reduce((acc, key) => {
+    let bookfile = new LibraryFile()
+    bookfile.setDataFromPath(key, key)
+    acc.push(bookfile)
+    return acc
+  }, [])
+
+  global.ServerSettings = {}
+  Database.sequelize = new Sequelize({
+    dialect: 'sqlite',
+    storage: ':memory:',
+    // Choose one of the logging options
+    logging: (...msg) => console.log(msg),
+    logQueryParameters: true
+  })
+  Database.sequelize.uppercaseFirst = (str) => (str ? `${str[0].toUpperCase()}${str.substr(1)}` : '')
+  await Database.buildModels()
+
+  const newLibrary = await Database.libraryModel.create({ name: 'Test Library', mediaType: 'book' })
+  const newLibraryFolder = await Database.libraryFolderModel.create({ path: '/test', libraryId: newLibrary.id })
+  const newLibraryFolder2 = await Database.libraryFolderModel.create({ path: '/mnt/drive', libraryId: newLibrary.id })
+
+  const newBook = await Database.bookModel.create({ title: 'Test Book', audioFiles: [], tags: [], narrators: [], genres: [], chapters: [] })
+  const newLibraryItem = await Database.libraryItemModel.create(buildBookLibraryItemParams(bookLibraryFiles[0], newBook.id, newLibrary.id, newLibraryFolder.id))
+  libraryItem1Id = newLibraryItem.id
+
+  const newBook2 = await Database.bookModel.create({ title: 'Test Book 2', audioFiles: [], tags: [], narrators: [], genres: [], chapters: [] })
+  const newLibraryItem2 = await Database.libraryItemModel.create(buildBookLibraryItemParams(bookLibraryFiles[1], newBook2.id, newLibrary.id, newLibraryFolder2.id))
+  libraryItem2Id = newLibraryItem2.id
+
+  return newLibrary
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {LibraryFile} libraryFile
+ * @param {any} bookId
+ * @param {string} libraryId
+ * @param {any} libraryFolderId
+ */
+function buildBookLibraryItemParams(libraryFile, bookId, libraryId, libraryFolderId) {
+  return {
+    path: libraryFile.metadata.path,
+    isFile: true,
+    ino: libraryFile.ino,
+    deviceId: libraryFile.deviceId,
+    libraryFiles: [libraryFile.toJSON()],
+    mediaId: bookId,
+    mediaType: 'book',
+    libraryId: libraryId,
+    libraryFolderId: libraryFolderId
+  }
+}
+
+/** @returns {Map<string, import('fs').Stats>} */
+function getMockFileInfo() {
+  // @ts-ignore
+  return new Map([
+    ['/test/file.pdf', { path: '/test/file.pdf', isDirectory: () => false, size: 1024, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '100' }],
+    ['/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf', { path: '/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf', isDirectory: () => false, size: 42, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '200' }]
+  ])
+}
+
+/** @returns {Map<string, import('fs').Stats>} */
+// this has the same data as above except one file has been renamed
+function getRenamedMockFileInfo() {
+  // @ts-ignore
+  return new Map([
+    ['/test/file-renamed.pdf', { path: '/test/file-renamed.pdf', isDirectory: () => false, size: 1024, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '100' }],
+    ['/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf', { path: '/mnt/drive/file-same-ino-different-dev.pdf', isDirectory: () => false, size: 42, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '200' }]
+  ])
+}
diff --git a/test/server/utils/fileUtils.test.js b/test/server/utils/fileUtils.test.js
index b57a6fb86..77b088897 100644
--- a/test/server/utils/fileUtils.test.js
+++ b/test/server/utils/fileUtils.test.js
@@ -3,8 +3,13 @@ const expect = chai.expect
 const sinon = require('sinon')
 const fileUtils = require('../../../server/utils/fileUtils')
 const fs = require('fs')
+const fsextra = require('../../../server/libs/fsExtra')
 const Logger = require('../../../server/Logger')
 
+/**
+ * @typedef {import('../../../server/libs/fsExtra').fsExtra} fsextra
+ */
+
 describe('fileUtils', () => {
   it('shouldIgnoreFile', () => {
     global.isWin = process.platform === 'win32'
@@ -39,6 +44,46 @@ describe('fileUtils', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  describe('fsextra', () => {
+    let statStub
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      // two files with same indoe but different device ID
+      const mockStats = new Map([
+        ['/test/file1.mp3', { isDirectory: () => false, size: 1024, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '100' }],
+        ['/mnt/other/file2.txt', { isDirectory: () => false, size: 512, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '200' }]
+      ])
+
+      statStub = sinon.stub(fsextra, 'stat')
+      statStub.callsFake((path) => {
+        const normalizedPath = fileUtils.filePathToPOSIX(path).replace(/\/$/, '')
+        const stats = mockStats.get(normalizedPath)
+        if (stats) {
+          return stats
+        } else {
+          new Error(`ENOENT: no such file or directory, stat '${normalizedPath}'`)
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    after(() => {
+      fsextra.stat.restore()
+      sinon.restore()
+    })
+
+    it('shouldGetDeviceIdForFile', async () => {
+      const id = await fileUtils.getDeviceId('/test/file1.mp3')
+
+      expect(id).to.be.an('string')
+
+      const id2 = await fileUtils.getDeviceId('/mnt/other/file2.txt')
+
+      expect(id2).to.be.an('string')
+
+      expect(id).to.not.equal(id2)
+    })
+  })
+
   describe('recurseFiles', () => {
     let readdirStub, realpathStub, statStub
 
@@ -53,7 +98,7 @@ describe('fileUtils', () => {
       ])
 
       const mockStats = new Map([
-        ['/test/file1.mp3', { isDirectory: () => false, size: 1024, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1' }],
+        ['/test/file1.mp3', { isDirectory: () => false, size: 1024, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '1', dev: '100' }],
         ['/test/subfolder', { isDirectory: () => true, size: 0, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '2' }],
         ['/test/subfolder/file2.m4b', { isDirectory: () => false, size: 1024, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '3' }],
         ['/test/ignoreme', { isDirectory: () => true, size: 0, mtimeMs: Date.now(), ino: '4' }],
@@ -98,6 +143,9 @@ describe('fileUtils', () => {
     })
 
     afterEach(() => {
+      fs.stat.restore()
+      fs.realpath.restore()
+      fs.readdir.restore()
       sinon.restore()
     })
 
@@ -105,6 +153,7 @@ describe('fileUtils', () => {
       const files = await fileUtils.recurseFiles('/test')
       expect(files).to.be.an('array')
       expect(files).to.have.lengthOf(3)
+      expect(statStub.called).to.be.true
 
       expect(files[0]).to.deep.equal({
         name: 'file1.mp3',