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**It might be outdated and it might miss necessary steps**. **It might be outdated and it might miss necessary steps**.
Last update : 01/05/2023 - Headscale 0.22.1
## Goal ## Goal
This documentation has the goal of showing a user how-to set up and run `headscale` in a container. This documentation has the goal of showing a user how-to set up and run `headscale` in a [Docker](https://www.docker.com) container.
[Docker](https://www.docker.com) is used as the reference container implementation, but there is no reason that it should
not work with alternatives like [Podman](https://podman.io). The Docker image can be found on Docker Hub [here](https://hub.docker.com/r/headscale/headscale). The Docker image can be found on Docker Hub [here](https://hub.docker.com/r/headscale/headscale).
## Configure and run `headscale` ## Configure and run `headscale`
1. Prepare a directory on the host Docker node in your directory of choice, used to hold `headscale` configuration and the [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database: # 1. Prepare a directory on the host Docker node in your directory of choice, used to hold `headscale` files.
```shell ```shell
mkdir -p ./headscale/config mkdir -p ./headscale/config && cd ./headscale/config
cd ./headscale
``` ```
2. Create an empty SQlite datebase in the headscale directory: !!! info "Database"
This tutorial uses SQLite for simplicity reasons, in a large environnement, it's recommended to use Postgres,
please refer the configuration file
# 2. Create an empty [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) datebase in the headscale directory:
```shell ```shell
touch ./config/db.sqlite touch ./config/db.sqlite
``` ```
3. **(Strongly Recommended)** Download a copy of the [example configuration][config-example.yaml](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/config-example.yaml) from the headscale repository. # 3. Create an ACL file in the headscale directory:
Using wget:
```shell ```shell
wget -O ./config/config.yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/juanfont/headscale/main/config-example.yaml touch ./config/ACL.json
``` ```
Using curl: Edit the file and put a base ACL in it :
```shell ```json
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/juanfont/headscale/main/config-example.yaml -o ./config/config.yaml {
"acls": [
{ "action": "accept", "src": ["*:*"], "dst": ["*:*"] }
]
}
``` ```
**(Advanced)** If you would like to hand craft a config file **instead** of downloading the example config file, create a blank `headscale` configuration in the headscale directory to edit: # 4. Download a copy of the [example configuration][config-example.yaml](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/config-example.yaml) from the headscale repository and place it at ./config/config.yaml
```shell ```shell
touch ./config/config.yaml wget -O ./config/config.yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/juanfont/headscale/main/config-example.yaml || curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/juanfont/headscale/main/config-example.yaml -o ./config/config.yaml
``` ```
Modify the config file to your preferences before launching Docker container. Modify the config file to your preferences before launching Docker container.
Here are some settings that you likely want: Here are some settings that you likely want to change:
Change `Headscale's` server url to your hostname or host IP
```yaml ```yaml
# Change to your hostname or host IP
server_url: http://your-host-name:8080 server_url: http://your-host-name:8080
# Listen to 0.0.0.0 so it's accessible outside the container
metrics_listen_addr: 0.0.0.0:9090
# The default /var/lib/headscale path is not writable in the container
private_key_path: /etc/headscale/private.key
# The default /var/lib/headscale path is not writable in the container
noise:
private_key_path: /etc/headscale/noise_private.key
# The default /var/lib/headscale path is not writable in the container
db_type: sqlite3
db_path: /etc/headscale/db.sqlite
``` ```
4. Start the headscale server while working in the host headscale directory: Listen to 0.0.0.0 so the services are accessible outside the container
```yaml
listen_addr: 0.0.0.0:8080 #For Headscale
metrics_listen_addr: 0.0.0.0:9090 #For the metrics
```
Bind the ACL file we created above:
```yaml
acl_policy_path: "/etc/headscale/ACL.json"
```
!!! warning "/var/lib isn't an editable path in the container"
Because /var/lib isn't an editable path in the container, we will need to replace
in the config file all those /var/lib paths to /etc.
Example :
```yaml
# The default /var/lib path is not writable in the container
private_key_path: /etc/headscale/private.key
```
# 5. Start the headscale server while working in the host headscale directory:
Replace <VERSION> with the current version, and your good to go !
```shell ```shell
docker run \ docker run \
--name headscale \ --name headscale \
--detach \ --detach \
--restart unless-stopped \
--volume $(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale/ \ --volume $(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale/ \
--publish 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 \ --publish 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 \
--publish 127.0.0.1:9090:9090 \ --publish 127.0.0.1:9090:9090 \
@ -80,12 +106,17 @@ docker run \
``` ```
Note: use `0.0.0.0:8080:8080` instead of `127.0.0.1:8080:8080` if you want to expose the container externally. !!! note "About the docker run command"
This command will mount `config/` under `/etc/headscale`, forward port 8080 out of the container so the Use `0.0.0.0:8080:8080` instead of `127.0.0.1:8080:8080` if you want to expose the container externally.
`headscale` instance becomes available and then detach so headscale runs in the background.
5. Verify `headscale` is running: This command will mount `config/` (outside the container) under `/etc/headscale` (inside the container),
forward port 8080 out of the container so the `headscale` instance becomes available and then detach so
headscale runs in the background.
The restart flag will made the instance restart unless if you stopped it manually
# 6. Verify `headscale` is running:
Follow the container logs: Follow the container logs:
@ -105,67 +136,26 @@ Verify `headscale` is available:
curl http://127.0.0.1:9090/metrics curl http://127.0.0.1:9090/metrics
``` ```
6. Create a user ([tailnet](https://tailscale.com/kb/1136/tailnet/)): # 7. Launch command in the container :
```shell ```shell
docker exec headscale \ docker exec headscale <COMMAND>
headscale users create myfirstuser
``` ```
### Register a machine (normal login) !!! note "Debugging & using a shell with Headscale"
On a client machine, execute the `tailscale` login command: The `headscale/headscale` Docker container does not contain a shell or any other debug tools.
If you need to debug your application running in the Docker container, you can use the
`-debug` variant, for example `headscale/headscale:0.22.1-debug`.
```shell
tailscale up --login-server YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL
```
To register a machine when running `headscale` in a container, take the headscale command and pass it to the container: To run the debug Docker container, use the exact same run command as above, but replace
`headscale/headscale:<VERSION>` with `headscale/headscale:<VERSION>-debug`. The two
containers are compatible with each other, so you can alternate between them.
```shell
docker exec headscale \
headscale --user myfirstuser nodes register --key <YOU_+MACHINE_KEY>
```
### Register machine using a pre authenticated key To launch a shell in the container, use:
Generate a key using the command line: ```
docker run -it headscale sh
```shell ```
docker exec headscale \
headscale --user myfirstuser preauthkeys create --reusable --expiration 24h
```
This will return a pre-authenticated key that can be used to connect a node to `headscale` during the `tailscale` command:
```shell
tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --authkey <YOUR_AUTH_KEY>
```
## Debugging headscale running in Docker
The `headscale/headscale` Docker container is based on a "distroless" image that does not contain a shell or any other debug tools. If you need to debug your application running in the Docker container, you can use the `-debug` variant, for example `headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug`.
### Running the debug Docker container
To run the debug Docker container, use the exact same commands as above, but replace `headscale/headscale:x.x.x` with `headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug` (`x.x.x` is the version of headscale). The two containers are compatible with each other, so you can alternate between them.
### Executing commands in the debug container
The default command in the debug container is to run `headscale`, which is located at `/bin/headscale` inside the container.
Additionally, the debug container includes a minimalist Busybox shell.
To launch a shell in the container, use:
```
docker run -it headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug sh
```
You can also execute commands directly, such as `ls /bin` in this example:
```
docker run headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug ls /bin
```
Using `docker exec` allows you to run commands in an existing container.