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809 lines
25 KiB
C++
809 lines
25 KiB
C++
/*
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tests/test_virtual_functions.cpp -- overriding virtual functions from Python
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Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
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All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
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BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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*/
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#include <pybind11/functional.h>
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#include "constructor_stats.h"
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#include "pybind11_tests.h"
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#include <thread>
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/* This is an example class that we'll want to be able to extend from Python */
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class ExampleVirt
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{
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public:
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explicit ExampleVirt(int state) : state(state)
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{
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print_created(this, state);
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}
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ExampleVirt(const ExampleVirt& e) : state(e.state)
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{
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print_copy_created(this);
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}
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ExampleVirt(ExampleVirt&& e) noexcept : state(e.state)
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{
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print_move_created(this);
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e.state = 0;
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}
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virtual ~ExampleVirt()
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{
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print_destroyed(this);
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}
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virtual int run(int value)
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{
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py::print("Original implementation of "
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"ExampleVirt::run(state={}, value={}, str1={}, str2={})"_s.format(
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state, value, get_string1(), *get_string2()));
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return state + value;
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}
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virtual bool run_bool() = 0;
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virtual void pure_virtual() = 0;
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// Returning a reference/pointer to a type converted from python (numbers, strings, etc.) is a
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// bit trickier, because the actual int& or std::string& or whatever only exists temporarily,
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// so we have to handle it specially in the trampoline class (see below).
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virtual const std::string& get_string1()
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{
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return str1;
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}
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virtual const std::string* get_string2()
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{
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return &str2;
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}
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private:
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int state;
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const std::string str1{"default1"}, str2{"default2"};
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};
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/* This is a wrapper class that must be generated */
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class PyExampleVirt : public ExampleVirt
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{
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public:
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using ExampleVirt::ExampleVirt; /* Inherit constructors */
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int run(int value) override
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{
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/* Generate wrapping code that enables native function overloading */
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, /* Return type */
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ExampleVirt, /* Parent class */
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run, /* Name of function */
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value /* Argument(s) */
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);
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}
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bool run_bool() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(bool, /* Return type */
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ExampleVirt, /* Parent class */
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run_bool, /* Name of function */
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/* This function has no arguments. The trailing comma
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in the previous line is needed for some compilers */
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);
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}
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void pure_virtual() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(void, /* Return type */
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ExampleVirt, /* Parent class */
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pure_virtual, /* Name of function */
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/* This function has no arguments. The trailing comma
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in the previous line is needed for some compilers */
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);
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}
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// We can return reference types for compatibility with C++ virtual interfaces that do so, but
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// note they have some significant limitations (see the documentation).
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const std::string& get_string1() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(const std::string&, /* Return type */
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ExampleVirt, /* Parent class */
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get_string1, /* Name of function */
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/* (no arguments) */
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);
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}
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const std::string* get_string2() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(const std::string*, /* Return type */
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ExampleVirt, /* Parent class */
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get_string2, /* Name of function */
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/* (no arguments) */
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);
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}
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};
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class NonCopyable
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{
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public:
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NonCopyable(int a, int b) : value{new int(a * b)}
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{
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print_created(this, a, b);
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}
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NonCopyable(NonCopyable&& o) noexcept : value
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{
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std::move(o.value)
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}
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{
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print_move_created(this);
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}
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NonCopyable(const NonCopyable&) = delete;
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NonCopyable() = delete;
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void operator=(const NonCopyable&) = delete;
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void operator=(NonCopyable&&) = delete;
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std::string get_value() const
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{
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if (value)
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{
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return std::to_string(*value);
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}
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return "(null)";
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}
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~NonCopyable()
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{
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print_destroyed(this);
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}
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private:
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std::unique_ptr<int> value;
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};
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// This is like the above, but is both copy and movable. In effect this means it should get moved
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// when it is not referenced elsewhere, but copied if it is still referenced.
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class Movable
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{
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public:
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Movable(int a, int b) : value{a + b}
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{
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print_created(this, a, b);
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}
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Movable(const Movable& m) : value{m.value}
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{
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print_copy_created(this);
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}
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Movable(Movable&& m) noexcept : value
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{
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m.value
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}
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{
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print_move_created(this);
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}
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std::string get_value() const
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{
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return std::to_string(value);
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}
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~Movable()
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{
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print_destroyed(this);
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}
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private:
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int value;
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};
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class NCVirt
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{
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public:
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virtual ~NCVirt() = default;
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NCVirt() = default;
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NCVirt(const NCVirt&) = delete;
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virtual NonCopyable get_noncopyable(int a, int b)
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{
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return NonCopyable(a, b);
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}
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virtual Movable get_movable(int a, int b) = 0;
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std::string print_nc(int a, int b)
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{
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return get_noncopyable(a, b).get_value();
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}
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std::string print_movable(int a, int b)
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{
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return get_movable(a, b).get_value();
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}
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};
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class NCVirtTrampoline : public NCVirt
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{
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#if !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__PGIC__)
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NonCopyable get_noncopyable(int a, int b) override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(NonCopyable, NCVirt, get_noncopyable, a, b);
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}
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#endif
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Movable get_movable(int a, int b) override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(Movable, NCVirt, get_movable, a, b);
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}
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};
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struct Base
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{
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virtual std::string dispatch() const = 0;
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virtual ~Base() = default;
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Base() = default;
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Base(const Base&) = delete;
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};
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struct DispatchIssue : Base
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{
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std::string dispatch() const override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(std::string, Base, dispatch, /* no arguments */);
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}
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};
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// An abstract adder class that uses visitor pattern to add two data
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// objects and send the result to the visitor functor
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struct AdderBase
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{
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struct Data {};
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using DataVisitor = std::function<void(const Data&)>;
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virtual void operator()(const Data& first, const Data& second, const DataVisitor& visitor) const
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= 0;
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virtual ~AdderBase() = default;
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AdderBase() = default;
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AdderBase(const AdderBase&) = delete;
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};
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struct Adder : AdderBase
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{
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void operator()(const Data& first, const Data& second, const DataVisitor& visitor) const override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE_NAME(
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void, AdderBase, "__call__", operator(), first, second, visitor);
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}
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};
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static void test_gil()
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{
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{
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py::gil_scoped_acquire lock;
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py::print("1st lock acquired");
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}
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{
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py::gil_scoped_acquire lock;
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py::print("2nd lock acquired");
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}
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}
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static void test_gil_from_thread()
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{
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py::gil_scoped_release release;
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std::thread t(test_gil);
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t.join();
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}
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class test_override_cache_helper
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{
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public:
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virtual int func()
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{
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return 0;
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}
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test_override_cache_helper() = default;
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virtual ~test_override_cache_helper() = default;
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// Non-copyable
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test_override_cache_helper& operator=(test_override_cache_helper const& Right) = delete;
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test_override_cache_helper(test_override_cache_helper const& Copy) = delete;
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};
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class test_override_cache_helper_trampoline : public test_override_cache_helper
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{
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int func() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, test_override_cache_helper, func);
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}
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};
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inline int test_override_cache(std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper> const& instance)
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{
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return instance->func();
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}
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// Forward declaration (so that we can put the main tests here; the inherited virtual approaches
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// are rather long).
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void initialize_inherited_virtuals(py::module_ &m);
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TEST_SUBMODULE(virtual_functions, m)
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{
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// test_override
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py::class_<ExampleVirt, PyExampleVirt>(m, "ExampleVirt")
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.def(py::init<int>())
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/* Reference original class in function definitions */
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.def("run", &ExampleVirt::run)
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.def("run_bool", &ExampleVirt::run_bool)
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.def("pure_virtual", &ExampleVirt::pure_virtual);
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py::class_<NonCopyable>(m, "NonCopyable").def(py::init<int, int>());
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py::class_<Movable>(m, "Movable").def(py::init<int, int>());
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// test_move_support
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#if !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__PGIC__)
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py::class_<NCVirt, NCVirtTrampoline>(m, "NCVirt")
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.def(py::init<>())
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.def("get_noncopyable", &NCVirt::get_noncopyable)
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.def("get_movable", &NCVirt::get_movable)
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.def("print_nc", &NCVirt::print_nc)
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.def("print_movable", &NCVirt::print_movable);
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#endif
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m.def("runExampleVirt", [](ExampleVirt * ex, int value)
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{
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return ex->run(value);
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});
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m.def("runExampleVirtBool", [](ExampleVirt * ex)
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{
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return ex->run_bool();
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});
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m.def("runExampleVirtVirtual", [](ExampleVirt * ex)
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{
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ex->pure_virtual();
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});
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m.def("cstats_debug", &ConstructorStats::get<ExampleVirt>);
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initialize_inherited_virtuals(m);
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// test_alias_delay_initialization1
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// don't invoke Python dispatch classes by default when instantiating C++ classes
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// that were not extended on the Python side
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struct A
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{
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A() = default;
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A(const A&) = delete;
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virtual ~A() = default;
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virtual void f()
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{
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py::print("A.f()");
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}
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};
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struct PyA : A
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{
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PyA()
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{
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py::print("PyA.PyA()");
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}
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PyA(const PyA&) = delete;
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~PyA() override
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{
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py::print("PyA.~PyA()");
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}
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void f() override
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{
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py::print("PyA.f()");
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// This convolution just gives a `void`, but tests that PYBIND11_TYPE() works to
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// protect a type containing a ,
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(PYBIND11_TYPE(typename std::enable_if<true, void>::type), A, f);
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}
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};
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py::class_<A, PyA>(m, "A").def(py::init<>()).def("f", &A::f);
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m.def("call_f", [](A * a)
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{
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a->f();
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});
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// test_alias_delay_initialization2
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// ... unless we explicitly request it, as in this example:
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struct A2
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{
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A2() = default;
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A2(const A2&) = delete;
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virtual ~A2() = default;
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virtual void f()
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{
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py::print("A2.f()");
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}
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};
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struct PyA2 : A2
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{
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PyA2()
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{
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py::print("PyA2.PyA2()");
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}
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PyA2(const PyA2&) = delete;
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~PyA2() override
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{
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py::print("PyA2.~PyA2()");
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}
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void f() override
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{
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py::print("PyA2.f()");
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(void, A2, f);
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}
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};
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py::class_<A2, PyA2>(m, "A2")
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.def(py::init_alias<>())
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.def(py::init([](int)
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{
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return new PyA2();
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}))
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.def("f", &A2::f);
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m.def("call_f", [](A2 * a2)
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{
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a2->f();
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});
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// test_dispatch_issue
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// #159: virtual function dispatch has problems with similar-named functions
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py::class_<Base, DispatchIssue>(m, "DispatchIssue")
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.def(py::init<>())
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.def("dispatch", &Base::dispatch);
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m.def("dispatch_issue_go", [](const Base * b)
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{
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return b->dispatch();
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});
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// test_recursive_dispatch_issue
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// #3357: Recursive dispatch fails to find python function override
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pybind11::class_<AdderBase, Adder>(m, "Adder")
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.def(pybind11::init<>())
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.def("__call__", &AdderBase::operator());
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pybind11::class_<AdderBase::Data>(m, "Data").def(pybind11::init<>());
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m.def("add2",
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[](const AdderBase::Data & first,
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const AdderBase::Data & second,
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const AdderBase & adder,
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const AdderBase::DataVisitor & visitor)
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{
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adder(first, second, visitor);
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});
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m.def("add3",
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[](const AdderBase::Data & first,
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const AdderBase::Data & second,
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const AdderBase::Data & third,
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const AdderBase & adder,
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const AdderBase::DataVisitor & visitor)
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{
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adder(first, second, [&](const AdderBase::Data & first_plus_second)
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{
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// NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
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adder(first_plus_second, third, visitor);
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});
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});
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// test_override_ref
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// #392/397: overriding reference-returning functions
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class OverrideTest
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{
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public:
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struct A
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{
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std::string value = "hi";
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};
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std::string v;
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A a;
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explicit OverrideTest(const std::string& v) : v{v} {}
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OverrideTest() = default;
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OverrideTest(const OverrideTest&) = delete;
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virtual std::string str_value()
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{
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return v;
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}
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virtual std::string& str_ref()
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{
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return v;
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}
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virtual A A_value()
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{
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return a;
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}
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virtual A& A_ref()
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{
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return a;
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}
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virtual ~OverrideTest() = default;
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};
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class PyOverrideTest : public OverrideTest
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{
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public:
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using OverrideTest::OverrideTest;
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std::string str_value() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, OverrideTest, str_value);
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}
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// Not allowed (enabling the below should hit a static_assert failure): we can't get a
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// reference to a python numeric value, since we only copy values in the numeric type
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// caster:
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#ifdef PYBIND11_NEVER_DEFINED_EVER
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std::string& str_ref() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string&, OverrideTest, str_ref);
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}
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#endif
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// But we can work around it like this:
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private:
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std::string _tmp;
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std::string str_ref_helper()
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, OverrideTest, str_ref);
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}
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public:
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std::string& str_ref() override
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{
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return _tmp = str_ref_helper();
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}
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A A_value() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(A, OverrideTest, A_value);
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}
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A& A_ref() override
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{
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PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(A&, OverrideTest, A_ref);
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}
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};
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py::class_<OverrideTest::A>(m, "OverrideTest_A")
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.def_readwrite("value", &OverrideTest::A::value);
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py::class_<OverrideTest, PyOverrideTest>(m, "OverrideTest")
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.def(py::init<const std::string&>())
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.def("str_value", &OverrideTest::str_value)
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#ifdef PYBIND11_NEVER_DEFINED_EVER
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|
.def("str_ref", &OverrideTest::str_ref)
|
|
#endif
|
|
.def("A_value", &OverrideTest::A_value)
|
|
.def("A_ref", &OverrideTest::A_ref);
|
|
|
|
py::class_<test_override_cache_helper,
|
|
test_override_cache_helper_trampoline,
|
|
std::shared_ptr<test_override_cache_helper>>(m, "test_override_cache_helper")
|
|
.def(py::init_alias<>())
|
|
.def("func", &test_override_cache_helper::func);
|
|
|
|
m.def("test_override_cache", test_override_cache);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Inheriting virtual methods. We do two versions here: the repeat-everything version and the
|
|
// templated trampoline versions mentioned in docs/advanced.rst.
|
|
//
|
|
// These base classes are exactly the same, but we technically need distinct
|
|
// classes for this example code because we need to be able to bind them
|
|
// properly (pybind11, sensibly, doesn't allow us to bind the same C++ class to
|
|
// multiple python classes).
|
|
class A_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
#define A_METHODS \
|
|
public: \
|
|
virtual int unlucky_number() = 0; \
|
|
virtual std::string say_something(unsigned times) { \
|
|
std::string s = ""; \
|
|
for (unsigned i = 0; i < times; ++i) \
|
|
s += "hi"; \
|
|
return s; \
|
|
} \
|
|
std::string say_everything() { \
|
|
return say_something(1) + " " + std::to_string(unlucky_number()); \
|
|
}
|
|
A_METHODS A_Repeat() = default;
|
|
A_Repeat(const A_Repeat&) = delete;
|
|
virtual ~A_Repeat() = default;
|
|
};
|
|
class B_Repeat : public A_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
#define B_METHODS \
|
|
public: \
|
|
int unlucky_number() override { return 13; } \
|
|
std::string say_something(unsigned times) override { \
|
|
return "B says hi " + std::to_string(times) + " times"; \
|
|
} \
|
|
virtual double lucky_number() { return 7.0; }
|
|
B_METHODS
|
|
};
|
|
class C_Repeat : public B_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
#define C_METHODS \
|
|
public: \
|
|
int unlucky_number() override { return 4444; } \
|
|
double lucky_number() override { return 888; }
|
|
C_METHODS
|
|
};
|
|
class D_Repeat : public C_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
#define D_METHODS // Nothing overridden.
|
|
D_METHODS
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Base classes for templated inheritance trampolines. Identical to the repeat-everything version:
|
|
class A_Tpl
|
|
{
|
|
A_METHODS;
|
|
A_Tpl() = default;
|
|
A_Tpl(const A_Tpl&) = delete;
|
|
virtual ~A_Tpl() = default;
|
|
};
|
|
class B_Tpl : public A_Tpl
|
|
{
|
|
B_METHODS
|
|
};
|
|
class C_Tpl : public B_Tpl
|
|
{
|
|
C_METHODS
|
|
};
|
|
class D_Tpl : public C_Tpl
|
|
{
|
|
D_METHODS
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Inheritance approach 1: each trampoline gets every virtual method (11 in total)
|
|
class PyA_Repeat : public A_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
using A_Repeat::A_Repeat;
|
|
int unlucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(int, A_Repeat, unlucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
std::string say_something(unsigned times) override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, A_Repeat, say_something, times);
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
class PyB_Repeat : public B_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
using B_Repeat::B_Repeat;
|
|
int unlucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, B_Repeat, unlucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
std::string say_something(unsigned times) override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, B_Repeat, say_something, times);
|
|
}
|
|
double lucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(double, B_Repeat, lucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
class PyC_Repeat : public C_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
using C_Repeat::C_Repeat;
|
|
int unlucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, C_Repeat, unlucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
std::string say_something(unsigned times) override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, C_Repeat, say_something, times);
|
|
}
|
|
double lucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(double, C_Repeat, lucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
class PyD_Repeat : public D_Repeat
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
using D_Repeat::D_Repeat;
|
|
int unlucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, D_Repeat, unlucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
std::string say_something(unsigned times) override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, D_Repeat, say_something, times);
|
|
}
|
|
double lucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(double, D_Repeat, lucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Inheritance approach 2: templated trampoline classes.
|
|
//
|
|
// Advantages:
|
|
// - we have only 2 (template) class and 4 method declarations (one per virtual method, plus one
|
|
// for any override of a pure virtual method), versus 4 classes and 6 methods (MI) or 4 classes
|
|
// and 11 methods (repeat).
|
|
// - Compared to MI, we also don't have to change the non-trampoline inheritance to virtual, and
|
|
// can properly inherit constructors.
|
|
//
|
|
// Disadvantage:
|
|
// - the compiler must still generate and compile 14 different methods (more, even, than the 11
|
|
// required for the repeat approach) instead of the 6 required for MI. (If there was no pure
|
|
// method (or no pure method override), the number would drop down to the same 11 as the repeat
|
|
// approach).
|
|
template <class Base = A_Tpl>
|
|
class PyA_Tpl : public Base
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
using Base::Base; // Inherit constructors
|
|
int unlucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(int, Base, unlucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
std::string say_something(unsigned times) override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(std::string, Base, say_something, times);
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
template <class Base = B_Tpl>
|
|
class PyB_Tpl : public PyA_Tpl<Base>
|
|
{
|
|
public:
|
|
using PyA_Tpl<Base>::PyA_Tpl; // Inherit constructors (via PyA_Tpl's inherited constructors)
|
|
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-parent-virtual-call)
|
|
int unlucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(int, Base, unlucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
double lucky_number() override
|
|
{
|
|
PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(double, Base, lucky_number, );
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
// Since C_Tpl and D_Tpl don't declare any new virtual methods, we don't actually need these
|
|
// (we can use PyB_Tpl<C_Tpl> and PyB_Tpl<D_Tpl> for the trampoline classes instead):
|
|
/*
|
|
template <class Base = C_Tpl> class PyC_Tpl : public PyB_Tpl<Base> {
|
|
public:
|
|
using PyB_Tpl<Base>::PyB_Tpl;
|
|
};
|
|
template <class Base = D_Tpl> class PyD_Tpl : public PyC_Tpl<Base> {
|
|
public:
|
|
using PyC_Tpl<Base>::PyC_Tpl;
|
|
};
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void initialize_inherited_virtuals(py::module_ &m)
|
|
{
|
|
// test_inherited_virtuals
|
|
|
|
// Method 1: repeat
|
|
py::class_<A_Repeat, PyA_Repeat>(m, "A_Repeat")
|
|
.def(py::init<>())
|
|
.def("unlucky_number", &A_Repeat::unlucky_number)
|
|
.def("say_something", &A_Repeat::say_something)
|
|
.def("say_everything", &A_Repeat::say_everything);
|
|
py::class_<B_Repeat, A_Repeat, PyB_Repeat>(m, "B_Repeat")
|
|
.def(py::init<>())
|
|
.def("lucky_number", &B_Repeat::lucky_number);
|
|
py::class_<C_Repeat, B_Repeat, PyC_Repeat>(m, "C_Repeat").def(py::init<>());
|
|
py::class_<D_Repeat, C_Repeat, PyD_Repeat>(m, "D_Repeat").def(py::init<>());
|
|
|
|
// test_
|
|
// Method 2: Templated trampolines
|
|
py::class_<A_Tpl, PyA_Tpl<>>(m, "A_Tpl")
|
|
.def(py::init<>())
|
|
.def("unlucky_number", &A_Tpl::unlucky_number)
|
|
.def("say_something", &A_Tpl::say_something)
|
|
.def("say_everything", &A_Tpl::say_everything);
|
|
py::class_<B_Tpl, A_Tpl, PyB_Tpl<>>(m, "B_Tpl")
|
|
.def(py::init<>())
|
|
.def("lucky_number", &B_Tpl::lucky_number);
|
|
py::class_<C_Tpl, B_Tpl, PyB_Tpl<C_Tpl>>(m, "C_Tpl").def(py::init<>());
|
|
py::class_<D_Tpl, C_Tpl, PyB_Tpl<D_Tpl>>(m, "D_Tpl").def(py::init<>());
|
|
|
|
// Fix issue #1454 (crash when acquiring/releasing GIL on another thread in Python 2.7)
|
|
m.def("test_gil", &test_gil);
|
|
m.def("test_gil_from_thread", &test_gil_from_thread);
|
|
};
|