Environments is a new way to organize activation strategy configurations for feature flags into separate environments. In Unleash, a feature lives across all your environments — after all, the goal is to get the new feature released as soon as possible — but it makes sense to configure the activation differently per environment. You might want the feature enabled for everyone in development, but only for yourself in production, for instance.
Previously, Unleash Enterprise could use [strategy constraints](../reference/strategy-constraints.md) to control the rollout across environments. With the new environments feature, this is no longer necessary. Now all activation strategies belong to an explicit environment instead.
Further, connected applications will use environment-scoped API keys to make sure they only download feature flag configurations for the environment they are running in.
Despite this being a shift in how Unleash works, everything will continue to work exactly how it did for existing users. For backwards compatibility, we have created an environment named "default" that will contain all of the existing flags and API keys. Read more about that in [the migration section](#migration).
All environments in Unleash have a **type**. When you create a new environment, you must also assign it a type.
The built-in environment types are:
- Development
- Test
- Pre-production
- Production
The **production** environment type is special: Unleash will show additional confirmation prompts when you change something that could impact users in environments of this type. The built-in "production" environment is a production-type environment.
The other environment types do not currently have any functionality associated with them. This may change in the future.
Environments exist on a global level, so they are available to all projects within Unleash. However, every [project](./projects.md) might not need to use every environment. That's why you can also choose which of the global environments should be available within a project.
In order to start using environments you need to be on Unleash v4.2 or higher.
If you are on v4.2, you also need to have the environment feature enabled (if you are using Unleash Hosted, please reach out on [contact@getunleash.io](mailto:contact@getunleash.io) if you want to start using environments.
If you are on v4.3 or later, environments are already enabled for you.
Note that in order to enable an environment for a feature flag, you must first add activation strategies for that environment. You cannot enable an environment without activation strategies.
From the “feature flag view” you will now be able to configure activation strategies per environment. You can also enable and disable environments here. Remember that an environment must have activation strategies before you can enable it.
In order for the SDK to download the feature flag configuration for the correct environment you will need to create an API token for a defined environment.
Unleash environments can be cloned. Cloning an environment creates a **new** environment based on the selected source environment. When cloning an environment, you select any number of projects whose feature flag configurations will also be cloned. These projects will have identical configurations for the source and target environments. However, the environments can then be configured independently and will not stay in sync with each other.
You can also clone user permissions into the new environment. When you do that, permissions in the new environment will be the same as in the environment you cloned from. If you don't clone permissions, only admins and project editors can make changes in the new environment. You can change permissions after creation by using [custom project roles](../reference/rbac#custom-project-roles).
To ease migration we have created a special environment called “default”. All existing activation strategies have been added to this environment. All existing Client API keys have also been scoped to work against the default environment to ensure zero disruption as part of the upgrade.
If you're currently using strategy constraints together with the “environment” field on the Unleash Context, you should be aware that the new environment support works slightly differently. With environments, the SDK API will use the client's API key to determine which environment the client is configured for. The API then sends _only_ strategies belonging to the client's environment. This means that you might not need the "environment" property of the Unleash Context anymore.
We have made some slight changes to events related to feature flags: there's one deprecation and several new event types. Most of the new events contain _project_ and _environment_ data.
- **FEATURE-METADATA-UPDATED** - The feature flag metadata was updated (across all environments).
- **FEATURE-STRATEGY-ADD**¹ - An activation strategy was added to a feature flag in an environment. The _data_ will contain the updated strategy configuration.
- **FEATURE-STRATEGY-UPDATE**¹ - An activation strategy was updated for a feature flag. The _data_ will contain the updated strategy configuration.
- **FEATURE-STRATEGY-REMOVE**¹ - An activation strategy was removed for a feature flag.
- **FEATURE-ENVIRONMENT-ENABLED**¹ - Signals that a feature flag has been _enabled_ in a defined environment.
- **FEATURE-ENVIRONMENT-DISABLED**¹ - Signals that a feature flag has been _disabled_ in a defined environment.
- **FEATURE-PROJECT-CHANGE**¹ - The feature flag was moved to a new project.
In order to support configuration per environment we had to rebuild our feature flag admin API to account for environments as well. This means that we're making the following changes to the API:
- **/api/admin/features** - _deprecated (scheduled for removal in Unleash v5.0). The [old feature flags admin API](/reference/api/legacy/unleash/admin/features.md) still works, but strategy configuration will be assumed to target the “default” environment._
- **/api/admin/projects/:projectId/features** - New feature API to be used for feature flags which also adds support for environments. See [the documentation](/reference/api/legacy/unleash/admin/features.md) to learn more.
- Will get access to two preconfigured environments: “development” and “production”. Existing users of Unleash will also get an additional “default” environment to simplify the adoption of environments.
- Will be possible to turn environments on/off for all projects.
- Will get access to two preconfigured environments: “development” and “production”. Existing users of Unleash will also get an additional “default” environment to simplify the adoption of environments.
- Will be possible to turn environments on/off for the default project.
- Will get access to two preconfigured environments: “development” and “production”. Existing users of Unleash will also get an additional “default” environment to simplify the adoption of environments.
- Will be possible to turn environments on/off for all projects
- Will be allowed to update and remove environments.
